for destruction of lice, 14 Trincas incinerator, 114 Troops, condition in campaign, 4 Trough latrine and pit, 90, 113 Tube wells, description of, 127, 128 Tuberculosis, immunity from, 184 preventive measures, 185 spread of, 184 transmitted by milk, 162 Turf incinerator, 97t m Turpentine for destruction of lice, is Typhoid fever, due to milk, 162 prevention of, 168 young soldiers, ^ prophylactic, administration of , 170 vaccination of camp followers. Punitive Expedition, 20 Typhus fever, 164, 183 in armies of Europe, 4 U Ultra-violet light to purify water, 140 Underground incinerator, 98 a, b, 112 Underwear, care of, 11 Urine cans, use of, 100-196 disposal of, 98 method of separating from feces, 106 Urinal, trench, 92, 107 Vaccination of camp followers, 20 V^etables, cooking of, 146 transmission of disease by, 162, 168 Vendors selling in vicinity of camp, 193 Venereal cases, record kept of, 1 1 disease, prevention of infection, 10 Ventilation of cantonment buildings, 37 Punitive Expedition in Mexico, 6 of pyramidal tents, zo, 36 of shelter for troops, 6 of tents, 35. 4.0 Vermijelli, composition of, 14 Vermin, control of. 13 in houses used for billeting, 122 in Punitive Expedition, 20 Vitamines, essential to health, 152 248 INDEX W Walls, tents erected on, 6, 7$ 8, 34 Ward, tent, field hospital, Z9, 4a Waste of foods, 148 Water, ablution and sullage, disposal of, 86 bacteria in, 129 bath, manner of reusing, 85 borne diseases, 161 chemical sterilization of, 136 disposal of waste in camp, 60 drinking, purification of, 130 purified the evening before a march begins, 22 standard for, 129 examination of, 128 filtration of, 132 for fixed camps, manner of computing, 123 heater. Major Saville, Q. M. C, 78 from kitchen faucets, 195 lake, character of, 126 manner of drinking, on the march. 27 on the march, manner of procuring in continental armies, 26 means of carrying to troops in the field. 140 pits, £1 Paso District, 90 purification of, bv Halazone, 140 quantities needed per man per day, 123 quantity required for horse or mule, 123 •yielded by a stream, 123 rain, properties of, 124 river, ptuification of, 125 spring, purity of, 124 sterihzers, types of, 132 sterilizing bag, description of, 138 from streams, composition of, 125 Water from streams, purity of, 12s - supply for camp use, 123 , to be guarded in camp, 32, 199 manner of determining contamination of, 126 protection of, 128 . for troops in trenches, 145 tanks, canvas, Lyster, 141 wagons (French), 140, 141 weight and measure of, 123 in a well, estimate of, 124 Watering animals on the march, 28 ' trough, plan of, 134, 221 Well, estimate of quantity yielded by, 124 requirements of , 127 water, purity of, 126 Wells, pollution of, 126 purification of, by potassium permanganate, 139 tube, description of, 127, 128 West African relapsing fever. 163 Wheeled field oven ([Austrian). 35, 52 kitchen. Austrian Army, 37, S4 Wind brakes, construction of, 121 made of brush, 16, 40 Windrow method of burning manure. zoz, 115 Xylol for the destruction of lice, 15 Yellow fever, how transmitted. 163, 177 prevention of, 178 Zone of active operations, civil sanitary organizations in, 4 <Callout type="important" title="Vital Prevention Measures">Typhoid fever can be prevented through proper sanitation and hygiene practices such as boiling water before drinking.</Callout> LANE MEDICAL LIBRARY To avoid fine, this book should be returned on or before the date last stamped below. * '.<
Key Takeaways
- Typhoid fever can spread through contaminated milk and water, necessitating strict sanitation measures.
- Water should be purified before consumption to prevent the spread of diseases like typhoid and cholera.
- Proper waste management is crucial for preventing the transmission of infectious diseases in military camps.
Practical Tips
- Use ultraviolet light or chemical sterilizers to purify water when boiling isn't possible.
- Regularly disinfect clothing and bedding to control lice infestations, which can spread disease.
- Maintain proper ventilation in tents and buildings to reduce the risk of respiratory infections.
Warnings & Risks
- Contaminated water is a major source of typhoid fever outbreaks; always purify drinking water before consumption.
- Improper waste disposal can lead to the spread of infectious diseases, posing significant health risks to troops.
Modern Application
While this chapter focuses on military camp sanitation from over a century ago, many of its principles remain relevant today. Techniques such as boiling and chemical purification of water are still used in modern survival scenarios. However, advancements like portable water filters have made these practices more accessible and efficient.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What methods were recommended for purifying drinking water?
The chapter recommends boiling water before consumption to kill bacteria and other pathogens. Additionally, chemical sterilization using substances such as Halazone is mentioned.
Q: How was waste disposal managed in military camps?
Waste disposal methods included trench latrines and pit toilets for human waste, with urine cans used to separate liquid from solid waste. Proper incineration of waste was also emphasized to prevent the spread of disease.
Q: What measures were taken to control lice infestations?
Lice could be destroyed using methods such as burning in an incinerator or treating with substances like turpentine and xylol. Regular disinfection of clothing and bedding was also recommended.