CHAPTER VIII ILLUSTRATIVE REGULATIONS CONCERNING FIELD (Part 2)

i Pc. a" X 10" X 8' 0" Rear plank under box i Pc. a"X 6"X8' o" End plank i Pc. a"X 6"X3' o" End plank. i Pc. a"X ia"X3' 6" End strip i Pc. i"X 6"Xa' 9" Posts 10 Pes. 10' o" Boarding (i" boards or equivalent in other widths if boarding is used) 48 Pes. i"X I2"X6' 0" Battens 48 Pes. i"X 2"X6' 0" Paper 2 Rolls. Stringer if roof is used — i Pc. 2"X6"X 14' 0" Stringer if roof is used 2 Pes. 2"X4"X 14' o" Rails 8 Pes. 2"X4"Xi2' o" Nails 3 Lb. 2od. Nails 8 Lb. zod. Nails 4Lb. 8d. Strap hinges 4 Pairs — 4" Flat head screws 4 Doz. No. 8. Galvanized iron urinal trough I 6"X 6"X3'o" Wrought iron pipe i i"X iH"X i' 4" Wrought iron pipe bent as shown I i"XiH"X4'o" L C. tin I Sheet 2o"X28" Labor, carpenter ao Hours 130) Two boxes and enclosures 4 Pes. i"Xia"X8'o" 4 Pes. i"X 8"X8'o" 4 Pes. i"Xio'X 8'o" a Pes. i"X 8"X8'o" a Pes. i"Xxa"X7'o" a Pes. i"X 2"X7'o" 16 Pes. i"X 2"X8'o" 2 Pes. a"X a"X4'6" 4 Pes. 2"X 4"X9'o" 2 Pes. 2"Xio"X8'o" 2 Pes. 2"X 6"X8'o" 2 Pes. 2"X 6"X3'o" aPes. a"Xia"X3'6" a Pes. i"X6"Xa'9" I a Pes. I a' o" 66 Pes. i"Xia"X6'o" 66 Pes. i"Xia"X6'o" 3 Rolls. I Pc. a"X6"Xia'o" aPcs. a"X4"X 8' 6" aPcs. a"X4"X 8' 6" 4 Lb. aod. I a Lb. lod. 9 Lb. 8d. 8 Pairs— 4" 8 Dos. No. 8. I 6"X6"X3'o" I i"XiH"Xi'4" I i"XiH"X4'o" aSheeto ao"Xa8'' 3a Hours. Section A A Elevation Scale O I 234-S Plan Latrine Box and Enclosure , Fig, 130. — Latrine box and enclosuro. (Q. M. D.) 214 FIELD HYGIENE AND SANITATION 2 Pes. 2 lO Pes. 2 11 Pes. 2 2 Pes. 2 4 Pes. 2 5 Pes. 2 2 Pes. 4 4 Pes. 2 iPe. I 12 Pes. I 2 Pes. I iPe. I 4 Pes. I 2 Pes. I Bill of Materials (Fig. 131) (Size of paulin 17' X 29') X 6" X 18' o" 4« ridge 4"X 10' o" = rafters 4" X 12' o" = braees, roof 4" X 16' o" = plates, ends 4" X 18' o" = plates, sides 4" X 18' o" = studs X X X X X X 4" X 18' o" = eomer posts X 4" X 20' o" = braees, eomer X 12" X 20' o" = gables X 12" X 16' o" = base boards, sides X 12" X 16' o" = base boards, ends X 12" X 14^0" = footing X 6" X 16' o" = frieze boards, sides X 6"_X 16' o" = frieze boards, ends 10 Pes. 3^" X 2" X 14' o" = weather strips, paulin 6 Pes. H" X 2'^ X 18' o" = weather strips, paulin 2-2' 6" X 6' 8" sereen doors, eomplete 24 Yd. sereen, fine mesh, 36" wide 2 Pkgs. earpet taeks 5 Lb. i6d. wire nails 10 Lb. lod. wire nails 2 Lb. 4d. wire nails. Labor, carpenter, 24 hours. ILLUSTRATIVE REGULATIONS l>6''Riclge . Couered with laulin 2IS Boards S? Zjc^' Plate W IWIPV^HHWi'lH l^'xtt Boards-^ )^Dirt Floor I '^.'il^'ke'jclZ'' Footing Cross Section Brace at&lLCbmen Screened ??S7afH2?'«^i' ScreeneA ?.^:g&^i«)»«S5 I 1 1 1 1 II II II II M End View Feet Scale tamBammBBBatmm^Btsam I Z 3 < S ^Z'ke'' Ridige yzx^* Rafters 4Zx^" Plate ^ Z'xA'Stads ^h^' * mm II rOirt Floor !; i| . M eU. X X Lonqitudina.1 Section .IL 6%5 d-y -K -a-5- -k -5-5 r l« X •i I. '\Line of Rafter^ ^~~Y ^^""""^"t^Line" of A'Jf4"Posts at Corners I k • 2"x6'Ridge l^zyA'studs T ii •. h II i| ii II i; ■ ■ 'I 'I ll i Plan Fig. 131. — A two paulin kitchen and mess hall combined. CQ- M.D\ 2l6 FIELD HYGIENE AND SANITATION .// // // // // // // X X X X X .// ,'/ ,// Bill of Materials (Fig. 132) (Size of paulin 17' X aaO 6" X 18' o" = ridge 4" X 10' o" = rafters 4" X 12' o" = braces, roof 4" X 16' o" = plates 4" X 18' o" = sides X 18' o" - studs X 16' o" = comer posts X 20' o" = braces, comer X 12" X 20' o" = gables X 12" X 16' o" = base boards, sides X 12" X 12' o" = base boards, ends X 12" X 14' o" = footing X 6" X 16' o" = frieze boards, sides X 6" X 16' o" = frieze boards, ends 7 Pes. }4" X 2" X 14' o" = weather strips, paulin 6 Pes. }^" X 2" X 18' o" = weather strips, paulin 2-2' 6" X 6' 8" screen doors, complete 24 Yd. screen, fine mesh 36" wide 5 Pkgs. carpet tacks 4 Lb. i6d. wire nails 8 Lb. lod. wire nails 2 Lb. 4d. wire nails. Labor, carpenter. 16 hours. 1 Pc. 2" X 6 Pes. 2" X 7 Pes. 2" X 2 Pes. 2" 2 Pes. 2" 3 Pes. 2" I Pe. 4" 4 Pes. 2 1 Pc. 6 Pes. 2 Pes. 1 Pe. 2 Pes. I Pe. ILLUBTEATrVT; REGULATIONS iJrlZ"xl2!'- Footing =J. . Zross Section £nd View ^Z'j(6"Ridqe Longitudinal Section 1 ■ -, - :. I6'-I0^ :—-, J Rfdge r4.'^4-''Post at Corners Plan 13a. — A fine paulin Idtchon and n 2l6 FIELD HYGIENE AND SANITATION 1 Pc. 2" X 6 Pes. 2" X 7 Pes. 2" X 2 Pes. 2" X 2 Pes. 2" X 3 Pes. 2" X iPe. 4" X 4 Pes. 2" I Pe. Bill of Materials (Fig. 132) (Size of paulin 17' X 230 6" X 18' o" = ridge X 4" X 10' o" = rafters 4" X 12' o" = braees, roof 4" X 16' o" = plates 4" X 18' o" = sides 4" X 18' o" = studs 4" X 16' o" = eomer posts 4" X 20' o" = braees, eomer 6 Pes. 2 Pes. 1 Pe. 2 Pes. I Pc. // X 12" X 20' o" = gables // // // // // X 12" X 16' o" = base boards, sides X 12" X 12' o" = base boards, ends X 12" X 14' o" = footing X 6" X 16' o" = frieze boards, sides X 6" X 16' o" = frieze boards, ends 7 Pes. J^" X 2" X 14' o" = weather strips, paulin 6 Pes. J^" X 2" X 18' o" = weather strips, paulin 2-2' 6" X 6' 8" sereen doors, complete 24 Yd. sereen, fine mesh 36" wide 5 Pkgs. earpet taeks 4 Lb. i6d. wire nails 8 Lb. lod. wire nails 2 Lb. 4d. wire nails. Labor, carpenter. 16 hours. IttUSTBATIVE REGULATIONS 'S^^3r/Z"xlZ''Footing ..^ Cro^ Section faat Jca/e srrrrr — End View rZ>6"Ridge Longitudinal Section ■ ^-7-;; /6'-/0^ T—Z ■' -d-3 ~ I 3 -3- \i'x4~Stut h/neofftafteta Ridge /'tJ(4"Post at Corners Plan Fig. 133. — A one pauUn idtcbei) »nd mesa hall mmt^ned- «}• U. 0.\ 2l8 FIELD HYGIENE AND SANITATION Bill op Materials (Fig. 133) Labor, carpenter, 8 hours 32 Pes. i" X 12" X 12' o" = sides I Pc. i" X 4" X 20' o" = braces II Pes. 2" X 4" X 12' o" = plates and sills I Pc. 4" X 4" X 12' o" = posts 5 Lb. lod. wire nails. JlittSTRATIVE REGULATIONS.. Section Rock Pile Crematory I ^^rt^ta^^rtiE. ;iLmiy.uij-/LLinii is^^^ Section Through Picket Line '^a!i,fegia.p^ ^^fe^i£^^ OtptlxfpitdMsnetGreHttttian "', o„.,.^«?«'/t" MSai'andWteliMSlHalilbe * Awtaffxexff.ff Cannttea la Dr»inm/« Systtm <^i«^^fe^ AfterRofting Fic 133.— latrine enetoBOte. (,Q. M, D:^ 220 •FIELD HYGIENE AND SANITATION Bill of Materials (Fig. 134) 3 Pes. 2" X 12" X 16' o" = sides and bottom — sized and dressed I Pc. 2" X 12" X 3' 6" = ends and center partition 6 Bolts J^" X 16" 4 Lb. 2od. nails Labor, carpenter, 4 hours ILLOSTHATIVE KEGUIATIONS 1^ i R % S T- 2-22 FIELD HYOIENE AND SANITATION Bill of Materials (Fig. 135) Pyramidal, 16' X 16' Floor 9 Pes. 2" X 4" X 16' o" 16 Pes. 1" X 12" X 16' o" 5 Lb. 8d. nails. Framing iPq. 2"X V'XiVo" 5 Pes. 2"X 4"X 16' o" I Pc. i" X 12" X 14' o" 3 Pes. i" X 12' 3 Lb. i6d. nails. Wall (Small) 8' 1x3^" X 9' 2" Floor 3 Pes. 2" X 4" X 18' o" 4HPCS.1" X i2"X i8'o" 2 Lb. 8d. nails. Framing X 14' i"X 12" X 16' o" I 2 2 I. 2 Pe. 2" X .// 4 • X 18' p" Pes. 2" X 4'^X 12' o" Pes. 2" X 4/' X 10' o" Pe. i"X i2"Xi8'o" Lb. i6d. nails. // Wall ^Large) 14' 6" X 14' 3" Floor 8 Pes. 2" X 4" X 14' o" 14 Pes. i" X 12" X 16' o 4 Lb. 8d. nails. Framing 4 Pes. 2" X 4" X 20' o 2 Pes. 2" X 4" X 18' o" 3 Pes. 2" X 4" X 16' o" 4 Pes. 2" X 4" X 14' o" 2 Pes. I " X 12" X 16' o" 2 Pes. 1" X 6" X 16' o" 4 Lb. i6d. nails. // ILLUSTRATIVE REGULATIONS 224 FIELD HYGIENE AND SANITATION Bill of Materials (Fig. 136) Hospital Tropical Storage n is' 7" X iV 3 Floor 9 Pes. 2" X 4" X 14- o" 14 Pes. i" X 12" X 16' o" 4 Lb. 8d. nails. Framing 4 Pes. 2" X 4" X 14' o" 4 Pes. 2" X 4" X 10' o" 2 Pes. 2" X 4" X 16' o" 2 Pes. i" X 12" X 16' o" 3 Lb. i6d. nails. 20' s" X 17' ic /' Floor II Pes. . 2"X 4" X 18 '0" 18 Pes . i" X 12" X 20 '0" 7 Lb. 8d. nails. Framing r • 3 Pes. 2"X 4" X 22' 0" 4 Pes. 2"X 4" X 14' 0" 18 Pes. 2"X 4" X 12' 0" 2 Pes. i" X 12" X 12' 0" 2 Pes. i" X 12" X 10' 0" 9 Pes. i"X 6" X 14' 0" 6Lb. : [6d. nails. ILLUSTRATIVE REGULATIONS ^26 FIELD HYGIENE AND SANITATION o» C8 03 ^ a o o j> pq o o o o o M XXX w w XXX ^ ^ •< •» ^ ^ CI H M 3 en (O u u (A bO a IH 00 « (H NO O O "«i- •>■ ^ ^ « O 00 X X XX xx W W (J w t/i o o o ^ •» ^ NO C* "^ M M M XXX •» ^ s> ^ •» K x>fo<*g ^ ^ ^ "» . ^ *>> ^ i4 3 3 8^ Ph (X< (l4 h4 NO 00 NO to ILLUSTRATIVE REGULATIONS 2^J ////////////^.'V/ //////////// m ////^//' Fig. 138. — A set of improvised barracks. Ground plan. Scale He DiifENSiONS OF Building Length outside — 59' 9" Width outside— 17' 6' Height in front — 7' Height in rear — 6' Dimensions of Section Length inside — 16' Width inside — 14' Height same as outside. Doors— 5' 6" X 2' Windows— 2' X i' 6" (J^akt^ Housing Capacity Four men per section Sixteen men per building. aaS FIELD HYGIENE AND SAmXATION ILLUSTRATIVE REGULATIONS 23© FIELD HYGIENE AND SANITATION Fig. 141. — Section of officers' house (Fig. 143). {Designed by Geo. B. Lake, M, C.) Dimensions Windows Inside 9X9' Two 18 X 24' Height, front, 7' clear Two 14 X 18' Height, rear, 6' clear Scale H" = i' // tff ILLUSTRATIVE REGULATIONS 231 v^//x///^/yi~-/y////7mt W^?A^?/^^???J}JWJJ^J>?A/A-4/J?y//J/^t9M Pig. 142. — Combined kitchen and mess hall No. 2. Scale Jf 6" " i' A, Cook fire; J5, incinerator; C, chimney; P, oven; £, serving table; F, shelves for supplies; G, rack for utensils; H, mess tables. (Doors and -windows indicated.) ■ . , Dimensions Length, over all — ^47' {Designed by SgL Hagan, troop Kitchen— 14 X 18' 'D," nth Cavalry.) Mess hall — 16 X 33' Side walls — 6' high End walls — 2' pitch to ridge-pole Doors — ^3 X 6' Windows — 2 X 2' The kitchen is roofed with a large tent-fly, and the mess hall with an 18 X 36' paulin. 3^2 FIELD HYGIENE AND SANITATION Pig. 144. — An effective cook fire and incinerator dcfiignod by Sgt. Margulas. troop "E" nth Cavalry. A, Cook fire; B, chimney; C in- cinerator; D. rock pit; E. sheet iron cover; F, damper. Scale Ji" =1'. (Lake.) FIEIXI HYGIENE AND SANITATION — Combined oven, cook Gre, and incinerator u lih Cavalry A. Cook fire and incinerator; B, baking chamber ; C. heat flues; D, chimney; E. slop chute; F, rock pit- Scale ILLUSTRATIVE KEGUIATIONS jvendoor. Scale ^" ■ al Adbbnkdicadd I, Section an 2 and 3 at ¥Z, 1, 1; C heat fiues; D, chimney; E. 236 FfELD HYGIENE AND SANITATION Pic — O and 00k r Lake.) ^, Cook fira; B. interior oil oven C heavy he on p ate D ons of pipe supporting oven; B, J Chinmey Scale Ji - Fio. Mg. — Subterranean icB boi. {Manual for Army Cooks.) In hot climates ihia device is not advisable since tho temperature of the earth is higher than that o( the air. Another drawback is the difficulty of keeping 238 FIELD HYGIENE AND SANITATION iO& ILLUSTRATIVE REGULATIONS 239 Fig, iji, — Improvised lanterns. {Tourtiade.) INDEX Black type refers to figures Abattoir, 59, 74 Ablution trenches, Tit 8 7 water, disposal ot, 86 Acquired immunity, how obtained, 166 Adobe incinerator, 4X9 4a, 59. 60 Ailments of troops in campaign, 4 Air as an agent in the transmission of germs. 163 fresh, at night, 6 Alamo attachment, a a, 45 Alcohol regarded as a poison, 10 Alum as a means to purify water, 136 Ambulance company camp, zas, xa6» 204, 205 Animals, care of backs on marches, a6 selection of, for food, 155 watering of, on the march, 28 Antibodies, action of, 165 Antitetanus serum, 191 Anthrax bacilli, 163 Armies, causes affecting morbidity of, 3 Army Field Range, az, 43. 44 Artiller:^, manner of marching, 23 regiment, camp of, zaa, 20X Athletic sports, participation in, 7 Attitude m marching, 23 Atistrian field cooking kettles, 33, 33, 51 B Bacteria as a cause of disease, 159 discussion of, 159 nitrifying, 126 pathogenic, destruction of, 160 in water, 129 Bag, water, sterilizing, 138 Bait for rat traps, 182 Baits for fly traps, 71 Barracks, improvised, plan of, 138, 139, 227t 228 Barrell, Serbian, 4b 18 Bath house, plan for, 127, 207 (Capt. Goode, R. A. M. C), de- scription of, 79, 81 officers, improvised, plan for, 143, 232 tank, 6o» 75 trains in the Austrian service, 16, 79 water, heating of in the trenches, 79 Major Saville's apparatus for heating, .78 manner of heating, 75 of reusing, 85 Bathing, beneficial effects of, 7 car (Austrian service), 64. 78 plant, plan of <Capt. Gooae), 67 68» 80. 81 (Capt. Goode) water supply, 69, 82 in the trenches, 79 Baths, cold, effects of, 7 in camp, 75, I9S for a division. 90 shower, improvised, 75 warm, effects of, 7 Beard, care of, 8 Bedbug, as an agent in the transmission of disease. 173 Bedbugs, destruction of, 122 Bedding, to be aired twice weekly, I95 care of, 7 Beef, care of in warm weather. 157 characteristics of, 155 Benzine for destruction of lice, 13 Bibliography^ 196, 197 Bill ot materials for showers, 206 Billeting, houses, etc., to be inspected, 122 Billets, considerations concerning, 122 Bivctiacs, considerations concermng, 121 Blankets, paper, extemporized, 7 Blisters on feet, different shoes causing, II treatment of , 9 Body, care of, when bathing facilities are inadequate, 8 temperature influenced by march- ing, 26 Boiling as a means of purifying water, 130 Bone black and oil in treatment of lat- rines, 98 Braziers, use of prohibited, 6, 42 Breakfast on the march, 22 Breeding of flies, 67 Brick box cooled by evaporation, 53, 68 Brush shelter for kitchen, ao, 43 Brushing as a means of ridding clothing of lice, 17 Bunches, treatment of, on horses backs, 26 Burning over of picket lines, 195 Calcium hypochlorite, germicidal value of, 136 permanganate as a water purifying agent, 139 241 242 INDEX Calories dissipated by evaporation dur- ' ing a nuux^h, 26. 37 Camp of an Ambulance Con^>any, X35> za6, 304t 30$ diseases disisemmated by dirty hands, 7 of a division, xzj), 198 of a Field Hospital, 134, 203 of a regiment of cavalry, Z30, 199 of artillery, X3a, 201 of infantry, X3Z, 200 police manner of performing, 120 of, on marches, 22, 192 of trains. X33, 303 Regulations, 193 sites, prevalence of local diseases in prozimitv of, 33 selection of, 30 tinfavorable, 31 Camps in malarial countries, 31 ovCTcrowding to be avoided. 32 position of organizations to be located, 32 Canteens to be filled before a march, 22. 192 Cantonments, description of buildings in, 36 heating of buildings, 38 screemng of buildmgs. 37 ventilation of buildings, 37 Canvas as shelter for troops, 33 Car for disinfecting clothing (Atistrian), 66, 79 Carbohydrates, food value of, 152 Care of person, instructions concerning. 4. 20 Carriers, cerebro-spinal meningitis, 185 influenza, 186 malaria, 177 of disease. 161. 167 scarlet fever, 186 Causes of death, former wars, 4 Cavalry, manner of marching, 23 regiment, camp of, zao, 199 Chest cooled by porous water jar, 5a, .67 Cerebro-spinal- meningitis, cause of, 185 Chemical sterilization of water, 136 Chemicals for the reduction of fly breeding; 119 Cholera in armies of Europe, 4 carriers, 170, 171 spread of, 170, 171 transmitted by vegetables, 162 Civil sanitary organization, zone of active operations, 30 Civilian employees immunized against typhoid fever, 169 Cleanliness, x necessary in camps and canton- ments, 8 Clothing, care of, in the trenches, 2 1 disinfectcr, 3, 17 fit and comfort of, 11, 193 lending of to be avoided, 1 1 scanty, how augmented, 12 Cockroaches, destruction of, 73 Coffee, weak better than water