CHAPTER XL (Part 2)

The weight of pure water at 62** F. should be well known to plumbers : — One cubic inch weighs 252| grains, or 03612 pound. Four cubic inches weigh 1,010 grains. One cubic foot weighs 1,000 ounces. One cubic foot weighs 628106 pounds, but is taken as 62} pounds for all practical purposes. One cubic foot of water is equal to 28 litres. Sixteen cubic feet weigh 1,000 pounds. Thirty-six cubic feet weigh 1 ton. One cubic yard weighs { ton. One cubic metre weighs 1 ton nearly. One cubic metre contains 1,000 litres. One cubic foot contains 628, or 6^ imperial gallons nearly. One cubic metre contains 85817 cubic feet, or 220 gallons. One gallon weighs 10 pounds. One gallon contains 277274 cubic inches. One gallon contains 16046 cubic foot One gallon contains 4543 litres. One litre is equal to '26418 gallon, or 61 '028 cubic inches. One hundred litres is equal to 22^ gallons nearly. One ton contains 224 gallons, or 86 cubic feet. One hundredweight contains 112 gallons, or 18 cubic feet. 486 DOMESTIC SANITARY DRAINAGE AND PLUMBING. Tablb of tbb PBissumi of Watxe in Pouvim psr Squarb ISCSL UlTDBR VaEIOUS HbADS IK FOT. Feet. 0 1 2 8 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 26 27 28 29 80 81 82 88 PoqimU Feet. 0 34 •4885 85 '865 86 1-8 87 178 88 2-16 89 2-6 40 8 08 41 8-46 42 8-9 48 4885 44 476 45 rr2 46 5-63 47 6-07 48 6-5 49 6-93 50 7-87 51 7-8 52 8-28 58 8 '67 54 91 55 9-58 56 9-97 57 104 58 10-88 59 11-27 60 117 61 12-18 62 12-57 63 13 64 18-48 65 18-87 66 14-8 67 PooimU. Ftot FdaiKii 14-78 68 29-47 1517 69 29-91 15-6 70 30-34 16-08 71 80-77 16-47 72 81-21 16-9 73 31-64 17-84 74 32-07 17-77 75 32-51 18-2 76 82-94 18-64 77 83-88 19-07 78 88-81 19-50 79 84-24 19-94 60 34^ 20-87 81 8511 20-8 82 85-54 21-24 88 85 98 21-67 84 36-41 221 85 86-84 22-54 86 87-28 22-97 87 87-71 28-4 88 38-14 28-84 89 88-58 24-27 90 89-01 247 91 39-44 2514 92 39-88 25-57 93 40-31 26-01 94 4074 26-44 95 41-18 26-87 96 41-61 27-31 97 42-05 27-74 98 42-48 28-17 99 42-91 28-61 100 43-35 29-04 PLUMBERS' RULES AND TABLES. 487 > -9 i4 9 < 5 =4 5 5-« >? f5 2 o • ^ 3 •^ • ^ 5 ^ 8 o « o -a 2 1 « g sis s^l rt 5 «5? th .2 as* 0> a 00 fl SfS ss ?•?» ss ss ^9 ?? 9fta o>^ OiOl s$ $!S mm S^ SS3 8& S:s S5 2S3 Slo 3S ss g.-* sss S€5 §§ 11 ss 9S ss ss ss ss §§ II II II it * -2 f-i CO 56 li II II II S3 n II §1 §§ 3S II §1 fl 1 = I 1 = § lO o S s 488 DOMESTIC SANITARY DRAINAGE AND PLUMBING. ^ ad p Q »M jr. 'M " s Q 1 . - to 00 1-4 • A. Ol » S • CD 2 OO to ^i 00 O 9J 09 00 rH CO rH 00 Si CD 1 . 2' le S lb to OO 5 o 9» IH ^^4 09 CD •H - 00 s 00 s ^ tf> 8 to U « 00 lO rH o 00 91 s C4 00 00 eo lO to ^ r* 00 fH •1 CO 00 9» ei OO 00 9 lb « « s CD 00 o rH .1 • eo 04 Ol 00 00 eo ^ ^ o lO to 00 r ^ s rH 00 •-• 1 04 « « lO Ol 00 00 00 ^ ^ lO 4 ^ A ^ t-4 •-• rH 04 Ol 04 eo OO CO r-l 4 op • rH fH s fH 00 s Ol rH « 01 s Ol eo CO eo -^ ^ s 2 s fH 1^ 2 rH s 01 Ol s e4 00 1 ? ^ T 2 y s s rH fH Ol fH 0« Ol S ^ 01 ?5 i i 1 s IP 5 s rH 00 r-l 2 rH 11 Is ^ HM •#<# rl •-• ^43 r-l Ol 0? eo to CO A s ^ J II f - r- C9 1? §5 II §§ 3 e as o o tH « r-l r-l ^ 5 \ PLUMBERS' RULES AND TABLES. 489 Approximate Quantity of Water raised by Sikolb-thuow Pumps in Gallons with Thirty Strokes per Minute. 2-inch 2i>inch 3-inch S^-inch 4 -inch 4i-inch 5-inch 9-inch Stroke. 8 H 9 12 15 19 lO-inoh Stroke. H . H . 74 . 101 . 18i . 17 21 18-iDCh Stroke. 4 6J 9 12 16 20 25 Two-throw and three-throw pumps will, of course, raise double and treble these amounts respectively. Table op Boiling-Points by Various Authorities, differing FROM If. PoUILLBT'S EXPERIMENTS. Substances. Bteiunur. Centigrade. Fahrenheit. Alcohol boils at er 78° 1 178** Bromine „ . . 50 53 ' 145 Ether „ 28 35 1 95 Ether, nitrous, boils at ^ . 11 14 57 Iodine „ 140 175 1 347 Olive oil „ 252 315 1 600 Mercury „ 280 350 662 Water 80 100 212 Increase in Volume of Water from 40° to 500* F. (Water when heated above 212° is under high pressure.) P. Volume. F. Volume. 40° . . . 1-0000 212° . 1-0488 50 1-0004 230 . 1-0612 60 1-0012 260 . 1-0604 70 1-0023 275 . 1-0729 80 1-0038 800 . . 1-0869 90 1-0055 350 . 11166 100 1-0074 400 . 1-1484 120 1-0121 450 . 1-1843 140 1-0175 500 . 1-2233 160 1-0288 550 . 1-2666 180 200 10807 1-0884 600 . 13099 490 DOMESTIC SANITARY DRAINAGE AND PLUMBING. Tkmpbraturs akd Pressure of Steam. p. 212' . 216 . 219 . 222 . 225 . 228 . 280 . 283 . 285 . 287 . 240 . 250 . 259 . 267 . 274 . Pounds per PonndBpcr Square Inch. F. Siiosre Inch. 0 281' . . 85 1 287 . . 40 2 . 292 . . 45 8 298 . . 50 4 302 . . 55 5 807 . . 60 6 812 . . 65 7 316 . . 70 8 820 . . 75 9 324 . . 80 10 327 . . 85 15 334 . . 90 20 841 . . 105 25 347 . . 115 30 862 . . 125 Table of Frbezi no-Points. SabflUnces. Rianmar. Gentlgnde. Fahrenheit. Bromine freezes at Oil, anise „ . . Oil, olive „ . . Oil, rose „ . . Mei-cury ,, . . Water „ . . -16' , -20^ 8 10 8 10 12 IS -81-5 -39-4 0 1 0 - 4'' 50 50 60 -89 32 Table of FrsiNo-PoiNTs. Subfitances. R^umur. CenUgrade. Fahrenheit. Bismuth metal fuses at 200'' 264' 476' Cadmium , 248-8 815 592 e°oFr 874-6 1093 2000 961 1200 2200 Iodine , 92 115 239 Iron , 1280 1538 2800 Lead 255-5 325 617 Potassium , 46 58 136 Phosphorus , 34 44 111 Silver 816-8 1021 1870 Silver nitrate , 159 198 389 Sodium 72 90 194 Steel 1452 1856 8800 Sulphur , 72 90 194 Tin 178 280 442 Zinc 828 1 410 798 PLUMBERS' RULES AND TABLES. 491 Tablb of Fusiko-Points of Various Allots in Deqbe£s Fahrenheit. According to PauiUet's Esiperifnents, Pabtb by Wmght. Parts by Wbioht. Degrees Degrees Fahrenheit. Lead. Tin. Bismnth. Lead. Tin. 201 1 1 4 367 3 212 5 3 8 372 4 212 2 3 5 381 6 246 1 4 5 386 2 286 0 1 1 466 1 334 0 2 1 604 3 1 According to Other Authorities, Parts by Weight. Degrees Degrees Fahrenheit. Fahrenheit. Lead. Tin. Bismuth. Lead. Tin. 199 8 2 6 320 1 202 6 3 8 334 H 202 3 6 3 340 2 204 1 1 2 360 104 208 6 3 8 366 3 212 2 3 6 360 13 220 7 3 8 365 4 230 8 3i 8 370 17 240 8 6 8 880 11 260 8 7 8 400 11 8 260 9 8 8 420 4 270 8 2 2 440 1 280 13 8 8 460 17 8 290 7 7 4 470 2 300 2 1 1 480 2 310 6 6 2 482 3 1 320 13 12 4 630 16 2 330 7 6 2 660 12 1 2 = pewterera' soft solder. 1 = Ordinary Proportions for Galyanisbd-Iron Tanks in Feet and Gallons. 20 30 40 60 60 70 Inches. Long. Ft. In. 1 9 2 0 2 4 2 6 2 8 2 8 Wide. Deep. Ft. In. Ft. In. 1 3 1 1 6 1 1 7 1 1 7 2 1 10 2 2 0 2 492 DOMESTIC SANITARY DRAINAGE AND PLUMBING. Gallons. Lo To. Wide. n In. ^L 80 0 ... ... 2 0 ... ... 2 2 90 2 ... ... 2 2 ... ... 2 8 100 2 ... ... 2 2 ... ... 2 4 120 ... 2 4 ... ... 2 6 140 ... 2 6 ... ... 2 « 160 ... 2 8 ... ... 2 » 200 ... 2 8 ... ... 3 0 250 ... 8 3 ... ... 8 0 800 ... 8 6 ... ... 8 0 Wbiohts for Cabt-Irok Watkr-Pipis in Pouhdb pxr Yarb. Bom. Ifinch 2-inch Sfinoh 8-inch 81-inch 4-inch 5-inch 6-inch Woriclng Prearan not ezoeeding, per Squire Inch - 50 lbs. 100 Ibe. 160 Ibe. SMlbs. 14 ... ... 18 ... ... 21 .. ... 24 20 ... ... 24 ... ... 26 .. ... 28 24 ... ... 28 ... ... 80 .., ... 34 80 ... ... 88 ... ... 87 .. ... 42 86 ... ... 40 ... ... 46 .. ... 60 45 ... ... 50 ... ... 54 .. ... 61 66 ... ... 70 ... ... 77 .. ... 88 84 ... ... 77 ... ... 89 .. ... 105 WiiOHTs FOR Gabt-Iron Draik-Piprs in Founds prr Yard. 8-inch 4-inch 5 -inch 6-inoh Jgbt Medlom. Heavy. BztiB Heavy. 28 .. .... 86 ... ... 42 48 80 .. .... 42 ... ... 56 66 85 .. .... 60 ... ... 90 104 40 .. .... 82 ... ... 112 180 Wrights for Lrad Piprs in Pounds prr Yard. Light for vent-pipes; Mediam for cold water; Heavy for hot water; Extra for high pressure. Internal Diameter. i-inch . 1-inch , 1-inoh . IJ-inch . li-inch . 2-inch . 2i-inch . 8-inch . Lighteet 9 12 15 18 Light. 84 4i 6 9 12 16 18 20 Mediam. .. 5 . 6 . 8 .. 11 .. .. 14 .. . 18 .. . 21 .. . 28 .. Heavy. 5i 74 94 18 18 21 25 28 6 9 12 16 21 28 30 35 PLUMBERS' RULES AND TABLES. 493 WZIOHTS FOE Ck>PPBB PIPB8 IN POUNDS PWl YAED. Internal ^-inch l-lnch A-I^cl^ Diameter. thick. thick. thick. Internal Diameter. ^S^ finch A-inch thick, thick. i-inch IJ ... 2i ... 6 IJ-inch .3 ... 8 ... 10 J-inoh 2 ... 4 ... 6i Ifinch . 84 ... 7J ... 114 l-inch 24 ... 5 ... 8 2-mch . 44 ... 94 ... 15 Wbiouts for Composition Gas-Pipes in Pounds peb Yard. ^inch. j-inch. finch. finch. l-inch. f ..■ ... li 2i 44 ... 6 Weights for Lead-bncasbd Block-Tin Pipes in Pounds per Yard. 1-inch. finch. 1-inch. If inch. If inch. For 20 pounds pressure . . 8i .. 64 ... 74 ... 9 ... 11 „ 100 . . 4 .. 6 ... 8 ... 10 ... 124 „ 200 . . 4i .. 7 ... 9 ... 12 ... 14 Weights fob Block-Tin Pipes in Pounds per Yard. i-inch. 1-inch. finch. finch. 1-inch. 4 .... f li 2 8 Table of Gaugb and Weight of Shbet Copper. (Weight per Square Foot.) Wire- Weight. Wire- Weight. Wire- Weight. gauge. lbs. oa. gauge. lbs. o». gauge. Ibe. OSS. No. 1 . . 14 0 No. 11 . . 6 10 No. 21 . 1 8 ,. 2 . . 18 0 „ 12 . . 6 0 •» 22 . 1 6 1} •» . 12 0 „ 18 . . 4 8 „ 23 . 1 2 »» * . 11 0 „ 14 . 4 0 ,, 24 . 1 0 K * 10 2 „ 16 . 8 8 » 26 . 0 14 »> ^ • 9 4 „ 16 . . 8 0 „ 26 . 0 12 »l ' • 8 8 ,, 17 . 2 10 » 27 . 0 11 »» 0 7 12 „ 18 . 2 4 „ 28 . 0 10 »f ^ 7 0 „ 10 . 2 0 ,. 29 . 0 9 n 10 . 6 4 ,. 20 . 1 12 „ 80 . . 0 8 Table c >F Gauge and Weight of Sheet and Boll Brass. (Weight per Square Foot.) Wire- Weight. Wire- Weight. Wire- Weight. gauge. lbs. on. gauge. Ibe. 0Z8. gauge. Ibe. oze. No. 8 . 11 8 No. 18 . . 2 8 No. 26 . 0 14 » 6 . 8 12 „ 10 . 1 12 » 20 . 0 12 „ 10 . 5 12 „ 20 . 1 10 n 27 . 0 11 „ 12 . 4 12 „ 21 . 1 6 „ 28 . 1 10 „ 14 . 8 12 ,, 22 . 1 4 ., 29 . 0 9 M 16 . 2 12 » 28 . 1 0 „ 80 . 0 8 ., 17 . 2 8 „ 24 . 0 16 494 DOMESTIC SANITARY DRAINAGE AND PLUMBING. Table of Valub of Non-ooitduotino Substances, thb most Efficixnt Woollen swanadown 6 Dried chalk 24 Grey paper 9 Cork . 29 Eiderdown 10 Caoutchouc 41 Cotton-wool 11 Coke . 44 Calico . IS Outta-percha . 48 Mahogany sawdust 18 Plaster of Paris . 92 Wood ashes 22 Terra cotta . 192 Wood charcoal 22 Glass . . 210 Table of Weights of Round and Square Bars of Wrought Iron PER Foot Lineal. i A i iV I A t Hi Hi H 1* Roand . 164 '8fi6 869 '602 -656 '881 1 035 1-241 l'47e 1782 2D11 2206 S«3 Square . 109 '826 '470 -064 '886 1067 1805 1570 1879 2205 2'556 2-936 394 To find the weight of any of the above in other metals, multiply by '93 for cast iron; by 102 for steel; by 115 for copper; by 109 for brass; by 1'47 for lead; by "92 for zinc. Thus 1 foot of 1-inch round iron weighs 262 lbs., and to find its weight in lead multiply 262 by 1-47 =^3-8252 lbs.; to find its weight m zinc, multiply 262 by 92 = 24104 lbs. Table of Weights OF one Square Foot oi f Yasious Metals IN PoiTNDa. ^ i A i A } 1^ i e 1 1" Iron . 25 5 7-6 10 12-6 16 17-6 20 26 30 40 Steel . 2-6 52 78 104 13 166 182 208 26 81-2 41-6 Brass . 27 66 8-2 11 137 16-4 192 21-9 27 88 44 Copper. 29 68 87 11-6 146 17 20 28^ 286 84 46 Lead . 8-7 74 11-1 148 185 222 26'9 29-6 869 44 69 Zinc . 28 47 7 94 11-7 14 164 18 7 26-4 28 87 Table of Ayoirditpois Weights. 16 ounces =1 ponnd; 28 pounds =1 quarter; 4 quarters— 1 cwt 20 C¥rts.=l ton; or 112 pounds =1 cwt; 2,240 pounds =1 ton. 1 kilogramme— 220462 pounds. 1 gramme =16 '482349 grains. PLUMBERS' RULES AND TABLES. 495 Table of Lineal or Long Measure. 12 lines = 1 inch ; 12 inches =1 foot ; 8 feet=l yaixi. 2 yards =1 fathom ; 54 yards =1 pole or perch ; 40 perches =1 furlong. 8 furlongs =1 mile ; 1,760 yards =1 mile ; 6,280 feet=l mile. 1 inch- -0264 French metre ; 1 foot= '3048 metre ; 1 yard = '9144 meti-e. 1 French metre =39 -37079 inches, or 1-098683 yard. Table of Measures of Capacity. 2 pints = 1 quart ; 4 quarts::; 1 gallon ; 2 gallons = 1 peck. 4 pecks =1 bushel ; 8 gallons = 1 bushel. 1 pint = -020051 cubic foot, or '5679 litre. 1 gallon = -32092 cubic foot, or 4548 litres. 1 bushel = 1-28367 cubic foot, or 36-347 litres. 1 litre = -26418 gallons, or 61-028 cubic inches. Table of Square Measure. 144 square inches = 1 square foot. 9 square feet = 1 square yard. ' 30i square yards = 1 square perch. 40 square perches = 1 rood. 4,840 square yards = 1 acre. 160 square perches =1 acre. 4 roods = 1 acre. 1 square metre =1-19603 square yard. Table of Cubic Measure. 1,728 cubic inches =1 cubic foot. 27 cubic feet = 1 cubic yard. 1 cubic foot =6-23 gallons. 1 cubic foot =28-8 litres or cnbic decimetres. 1 gallon =277 '274 cubic inches. 1 gallon = '16046 cubic foot. Cements (Ordinary). Hydraulic Cements contain a larger proportion of silica, alumina, magnesia, etc., than hydraulic limes. They do not slake after calcination, and some of them set under water at a temperature of 65* in from three to five minutes; others require as many hours. 496 DOMESTIC SANITARY DRAINAGE AND PLUMBING. Roman Cement, which is only about one-third the strength of Portland cement, is made of a lime of a peculiar character found in England and France, derived from argillo- calcareous kidney-shaped stones