Copper Silver Brass 2050 1830 1650 Spermaceti Phosphorus Tallow 120 109 92 Antimony Zinc Lead 810 793 630 Oil turpentine Mercury 14 -40 Melting Points of Alloys. Lead Tin Bismuth Degrees 1 504 1 201 466 8 5 212 2 385* 5 2 212 5 381 5 1 4 246 4 372 1 0 286 3 0 367 1 0 5 Other authorities give: Lead 1, tin 2=840*'; lead 2, tin 1 = 440*"; lead 3, tin 1 = 480*. One part of water freezes at + 4' F. above zero ; sulphuric acid, at - 45" below zero ; sulphuric ether, at - 46' below zero. Fluxes used for Soldering or Welding. Iron or steel Tinned iron Copper and brass Zinc Lead Borax or sal ammoniac Resin or chloride of zinc Sal ammoniac or chloride of zinc Muriate or chloride of zinc Tallow or resin <Callout type="important" title="Critical Information">Understanding the melting points of metals is crucial for selecting appropriate materials in emergency repairs.</Callout>
Key Takeaways
- Identify the correct alloy based on its melting point.
- Select proper flux for soldering different metals.
- Recognize the freezing point of water and other substances.
Practical Tips
- Use borax as a flux when working with iron or steel.
- Choose resin or chloride of zinc for copper and brass work.
Warnings & Risks
- Avoid using incorrect fluxes which can damage materials.
- Be cautious of the low freezing point of sulphuric ether.
Modern Application
While this chapter focuses on historical plumbing practices, understanding material properties remains crucial in modern survival scenarios. Knowledge of melting points and appropriate fluxes ensures effective repairs without causing further damage.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What is the freezing point of water mentioned in the text?
The text states that one part of water freezes at +4°F above zero.
Q: Which flux should be used for soldering copper and brass?
Resin or chloride of zinc are recommended for soldering copper and brass according to the chapter.
Q: What is the melting point of lead given in the text?
The melting point of lead is listed as 630 degrees, though other authorities suggest different values such as 840*', 440*', and 480*'.