ORGANS OF REPRODUCTION (Part 8)

369 filaments, 369 nerve, 368 tract, 370 Omentum. See Glossary. Ophthalmic division of fifth nerve, 373 Optic chiasm, 370 nerve, 370 tract, 370 Orbicularis oris muscle, 130 palpebrarum, 126 Orbital cavities, 71 boundaries of, 71 476 INDEX Orbital cavities, contents of, 396 Orbits, 71 Organ of Corti (ear), 413 of Golgi, 123 Organic acids, 27 compounds, 20 Organs of digestion, 251 of reproduction, 417 of respiration, 233 of voice, 234 Origin of a muscle, 123 of a nerve, 338 Osmosis. See Glossary. of lymph, 225 Ossicles (bones of ear), 410 Ossification. See Glossary. Osteoblasts, 57 Osteoclasts, 58 Osteology, definition of, 18 Otoliths, 413 Ovarian artery, 205 Ovaries, 423 blood-supply of, 205 ligaments of, 423 Ovulation, 425 Ovum, 35, 424 development of, 424 fertilization of, 35, 425, 426 maturation of, 35 Oxidation of blood, 220 of tissue, 220 Oxyhemoglobin, 220 Pain, sense of, 393 Palate, arches of, 256 glands of, 256 hard, 256 pillars of, 256 soft, 133, 256 Palate bone, 68 Palmar arches, deep, 198, 201 superficial, 198, 201 fascia, 156 Palmaris brevis muscle, 157 longus, 151 Palmitin, 23 Pancreas, 301 blood-supply of, 203 dimensions of, 301 • function of, 279, 302 islands of Langerhans in, 302 structure of, 302 Pancreatic juice, 279 action of, upon food, 279 amylopsin in, 280 in intestinal digestion, 279 Pancreatic juice, steapsin in, 280 trypsin in, 280 Papilla? of skin, 324 Papillary muscles in heart, 179 Parathyroids, 303, 305 function of, 305 Parietal bones, 60 Parotid gland, 257 duct of, 257 Patella bone, knee-cap, 99 Pectoralis major muscle, 144 minor, 144 Pelvic cavity, 93 boundaries of, 93 Pelvis as a whole, 93 false, 94 inlet, 95 outlet, 95 true, 95 Pepsin, 278, 279 action of, in gastric digestion, 279 Peptones, 25, 278, 279 Pericardium, 174 fibrous layer, 174 serous, 174 Perichondrium, 51 Perilymph (ear), 412 Perimysium, 119 Perineum, fascia of, 146 muscles of, 146 Perineurium, 337 Periosteum, 57 Peripheral resistance, 191 Peristalsis, 278 relation of, to digestion, 278 Peroneus brevis muscle, 168 longus, 168 Perspiration, 327 function of, 328 glandular activity, 328 nerves controlling, 328 blood-pressure, 328 Perspiratory apparatus, 19 Peyer's patches, 267, 268 Phagocytes, 221 Phagocytosis, 221 Phalanges of foot, 104 of hand, 92 Pharynx, 258 boundaries of, 258 length of, 259 muscles of, 132 structure of, 258 Phonation, 238 Phosphorus in body, 26 Physiological properties of muscle tissue, 121 Physiology, definition of, 17 INDEX 477 Pia mater of brain, 355 of spinal cord, 346 Pigmented cell, 44 Pituitary body, 307 function of, 307 Place, sense, skin, 393 Placenta (after-birth), 184 Plantaris muscle, 169 Plasma of blood, 217 Platysma muscle, 135 Pleura, 240 prevent friction during respira- ation, 242 structure of, 240 Pleural cavity, 240 Plexus of nerves, 340 brachial, 380 cervical, 380 lumbar, 382 sacral, 382 venous, 211 Pneumogastric (tenth) nerve, 378 Pons varolii. 357 function of, 357 structure of, 357 Popliteal artery, 208 vein, 215 Popliteus muscle, 169 Portal circulation, 215 system, 215 vein, 215 Potential energy, 30 Pressure, blood. See Blood- ' pressure. sense (skin), 393 Prickle cells, 43 Principles, proximate, 20 Pronation, 158 Pronator quadratus muscle, 153 radii teres, 151 Proteins or proteids, 23 composition of, 23 Proteoses, 25, 279 Protoplasm, 31 composition of, 32 of ovum, 32 properties of, 32, 33 Proximate principles, 20 Psoas magnus muscle, 146 parvus, 146 Ptyalin, 276 Pulmonary arterial system, 192 artery, 178, 192 circulation, 192 vein, 178 Pulse, 189 cause of, 190 number of beats per minute, 190 Pulse, physiology of, 190 varieties of, 190 where to count, 189 Pupil of eye, 400 Pyloric valve of stomach, 263 Pylorus of stomach, 263 Quadriceps extensor tendon, 162 Radial artery, 198 vein, 213 Radius, 89 Rami communicantes, 385, 386 Ranvier, nodes of, 335 Reaction, chemical. See Glossary. Receptaculum chyli, 231 Recti muscles of eye-ball, 127, 128 Rectovaginal pouch, 272 Rectum, 272 Rectus femoris muscle, 162 muscle of abdomen, 143 Red cells or corpuscles, 217, 219 Reflex action, 352 in gland secretion, 292 Regions of abdomen, 264. Fig. 102 Renal arteries, 205 Rennin, 278 action of, in gastric digestion, adult, 279 infant, 284 upon milk, 279 Reproduction of a cell, 32 organs of, female, 417 Reserve volume of air (lungs), 246 Residual volume of air (lungs), 246 Resistance peripheral (blood pressure), 191 Respiration, 233, 245 carbon dioxide given off during, 244 cause of, 249 changes of composition of air during, 246 frequency of, 245 function of, 245 nasal cavities, relation to, 233 organs of, 233 oxygen absorbed during, 244 rate of, 245 478 INDEX Respiration, complemental air, 246 relation of nerves to, 248 reserve, 246 residual, 246 respiratory epithelium in, 244 tidal, 245 vital capacity of lungs in, 246 volumes of air breathed during, 245 Respiratory apparatus, 19, 233 centre (nerves), 248 epithelium, 244 Retiform tissue, 49 Retina (eye-ball), 401 function of, 403 layers of cells in, 403 macula lutea in, 402 rods and cones in, 403 function of, 403 Ribs, false or asternal, 82 floating, 82 peculiar, 83 true or sternal, 82 typical, 82 Risorius muscle, 132 Rotation of a joint or muscle, 115 Ruga? of bladder, 318 of stomach, 264 of vagina, 420 Saccharoses, 21, 22 Saccule of larynx, 237 of membranous labyrinth, 412 Saliva, 275, 291 chemical action of, 276 physical action of, 276 Salivary glands, 257 Salt or sodium chloride in body, 26 Salts, mineral, in body, 26 in bone, 57 Saphenous vein, long, 215 short, 215 Saponification, 23 Sarcolemma (muscle tissue), 117, 118 Sarcoplasm (muscle tissue), 117 178 Sartorius muscle, 162 Scalp, layers of, 124, 125 Scapula (bone), 84 Scarpa's triangle, 206 Schwann, white substance or sheath of, 335 Schwann, sclerotic coat of eye- ball, 399 Sebaceous glands, 325, 326 Sebum, 327 Secreting glands, 292 Secretions, 290 external, 290 classifications of, 291 gastric juice, 291 milk, 291 mixed, 46 mucous, 46, 291 saliva, 29 serous, 46, 291 synovial, 292 tears, 398, 399 internal, 290, 303 organs of, 303 Secreting organs, glands, 291 membranes, 291 Secretory apparatus, 19 Semicircular canals (ear), 411 Semilunar valves (heart), 178, 179 Semimembranosus muscle, 164 Semitendinosus muscle, 164 Sensations in end-organs of skin, 391 Sense, muscle, 394 of equilibrium, 359 of hearing, 407 of sight, 396 of smell, 394 of taste, 390, 406 of touch, 391 muscle sense, 394 place sense, 393 pressure sense, 393 temperature sense, 393 tactile, 390, 391 Sensor area in brain, 366 nerve cell, 333, 349 fiber, 340 roots of spinal cord, 350 Serous membranes, 46, 291 function of, 46, 47, 291 location of, 46, 47 secretions, 291 Serum of blood, 218 Serum-albumen in blood, 24 Sharpey's fibers (bone), 58 Shin bone (tibia), 99 Shoulder, muscles of, 147, 148 Shoulder-blade, 84 Sight, nerve of, 370, 397 organs of, 396 physiology of, 403, 404 sense of, 396 Sinus or sinuses, antrum of High- more, 68, 72 INDEX 479 Sinus or sinuses, coronary (ven- ous), 179, 211 frontal, 62 maxillary, 72 Valsalva, 179 venous, of skull. 211 Skin. 322 appendages of, 325 derma of, 322 end-organs in, 340 epidermis of, 322 function of, 323 layers of, epidermis, 323 dermis, 323, 324 secretions from, 323 sweat glands in, 327 total area of, 323 waste materials eliminated from, 323 Skull as a whole, 69 bones of vertex, 71 fetal, 69 fontanelles in, 69, 70 ossification of, 69 venous sinuses of, 211 Small intestine. See Intestines. Smell, nerve of. 368, 394 sense of, 394 organs of, 394 Soaps, 23 Soleus muscle, 168 Sound waves, 41.5 cause of. 415 Sounds of heart. 182 cause of. 183 Speech, articulate, 238 centre of, 367 Spermatozoon, 35, 425 Sphenoid bone, 65 Spinal accessory nerve, 378 canal, 74, 346 column, 72 length of, 74 cord, 345 columns of, 347 function of, 351 horns of, 348 length of. 347 membranes of, 346 nerve cells in, 349 nerves of, 349 number of, 349 roots of. 350, 351 ganglion in, 342, 350 structure of, 348 Spinal nerves, 349 names of, 349 nun\ber of pairs, 349 Splanchnology, definition of, 19 Spleen, 305 blood-supply of, 203 dimensions of, 305 function of, 306 ligaments of, 306 location of, 305 Squamous epithelium. 40 Stapes (ossicle of ear), 410 Starch, 21 action of saliva upon. 276 pancreatic juice, 280 ptyalin, 276 Steapsin, 280 * action of intestinal digestion, 280 Stearin, 23 Sternohyoid muscle. 136 Sternomastoid muscle, 136 Sternothyroid muscle. 136 Sternum (bone), 82 Stimuli of muscle tissue, 122 of nerves, 343 relation of molecular distur- bance to, 344 Stomach, 262 blood-supply of, 203 capacity of adult's, 263 of infant's, 283 coats of. 263 digestion in, 277 glands of, 265 location of, 262 parts of. 236 structure of, 263 Stomata, 47 Stratified epithelium, 41 Styloglossus muscle, 132 Stylohyoid muscle, 136 Subclavian artery, 196 vein, 212 Subclavius muscle, 144 Subcostal muscle, 140 Subcrureus muscle, 163 Subcutaneous tissues, 324 Sublingual gland, 257 Submaxillary gland. 257 Sugars in body, 21, 22 dextroses, 21 saccharoses, 22 Sulphur in body. 26 Superior constrictor muscle. 133 maxillary division of fifth nerve. 373 rectus muscle, 127, 128 vena cava, 211 Supination of hand. 158 Supinator brevis muscle, 155 longus, 154 Suprarenal glands, 307 480 INDEX Suprarenal glands, function of, 307 location of, 307 Swallowing (deglutition) , 276 Sweat, 328. See Perspiration. Sympathetic ganglia, 383 function of, 386, 387 structure of, 383, 387 system of, 383 function of, 386 gangliated cord of, 385 Symphysis pubes, 93 Synarthrosis (joint), 109 Syndesmology, definition of, 18 Syndesmosis, 110 Synovia, 107 Synovial membranes, 107, 292 Systole of heart, 181 Tactile cells, 391 end-organs, 391, 392 Tarsal cartilage, 397 ligaments, 126, 397 Tarsus, bones of, 102 Taste-buds (tongue), 406 end-organs, 406 nerves of, 374, 377 organs of, 406 sensations of, 406 sense of, 406 Tears, composition of, 399 drainage of, 399 secretion of, 398, 399 Teeth, 252 appearance of, in infants, 254 permanent, 253 structure of, 253 temporary, 252 Temperature of body, 312 at different ages, 313 determination of, 312 normal, adult, 313 by axilla, 313 by mouth, 313 by rectum, 313 by vagina, 313 Temporal bone, 62 lobe of brain, 361 Tendo Achilles, 169 oculi, 126 Tenon, capsule of, 396 Tendons, 122 attachments of, 123 composition of, 123 function of, 123 organs of Golgi in, 123 Tension, arterial, 190 muscle, 121 Tetany, 305 Thigh, muscles of, 97, 98 Thoracic aorta, 202 branches of, 202 cavity, 79 contents of, 81 dimensions of, 79 ducts, 231 functions of, 231 relation of receptaculum chyli to, 231 right, 231 Thorax as a whole, 79 bones of, 79 contents of, 81 muscles of, 139 openings, lower, 81 upper, 79 Thymus gland, 306 Thyroid cartilage, 234 gland, 304 isthmus of, 304 Tibia (bone), 99 Tibial artery, anterior, 208 posterior, 208 veins, 215 Tibialis anticus muscle, 167 posticus muscle, 170 Tidal air, volume breathed, 245 Tissue or tissues, 35 adipose, 50 areolar, 50 bone, 57, 58 cartilage, 51 classification of, 40 connective, 47 embryonic, 49 endothelial, 46 epithelial, 40, 41 fibrous, 48 lymphoid, 50 mucous, 49 muscle, 117 neuroepithelial, 44 origin of, 35 osseous (bone), 57, 58 retiform, 49 subcutaneous, 324 Tone or tonus of arteries, 190 of muscle, 121 of nerve, 352 Tongue, 254 arteries of, 255 muscles of, extrinsic, 254 intrinsic, 254 nerves of, 374, 377 structure of, 254 INDEX 481 Tongue, taste sensations in, 406, 407 touch sensations in, 406, 407 veins of, 255 Tonsils, 256 location of, 256 Tonus of a muscle, 121 of a nerve, 352 Touch, sense of, 391 varieties of, 392, 393 Trachea (windpipe), 238 dimensions of, 239 structure of, 238, 239 Transitional epithelium, 44 Transversalis muscle of abdomen, 143 Transverse lines of abdomen, 144 Trapezius muscle, 137 Triangularis sterni muscle, 140 Triceps muscle, 150 Tricuspid valve (heart), 178 Trifacial or trigeminal nerve, 371 Trigone of bladder, 319 Trochlear nerve, 371 True pelvis, 95 Trypsin, 279 action of, in intestinal digestion, 279 Tunica propria of a membrane, 45 Tunics or coats of arteries, 186 of eye-ball, 399 of veins, 188 Turbinated bones, 68 Tympanic cavity or tympanum, 408 ossicles in, 410 Ulna (bone), 87 Ulnar artery, 199 vein, 213 Umbilical cord, 185 region of abdomen, 264. Fig. 102 vein, 184 Unipolar neurone or nerve cell, 333 Upper extremity, arteries of, 198 bones of, 84 veins of, 212 Urea, 322 production of, in liver, 299 relation of, to protein diet, 322 Ureters, 318 Urethra, opening in bladder, 319 function of, 314 Urinary apparatus, 19, 314 bladder, 318 capacity of, 318 dimensions of, 318 function of, 318 structure of, 319 Urine, amount of, in twenty-four hours, 322 color of, 321 composition of, 322 excretion of, 319 formation of, 319 method of secretion, 319 Uriniferous tubules (kidney), 317 function of, 318, 319 Uterine artery, 206 Uterus (womb), 420 blood-supply of, 206 function of, 422 parts of, 420 structure of, 421 Utricle of membranous labyrinth, 412 Uvula, 256 Vagina, 419 Valsalva, sinus of, 179 Valve or valves, ilecocecal, 269 of heart, coronary, 177 mitral, 179 semilunar, 178, 179 Thebesius, 177 tricuspid, 178 of veins, 189 Valvulae conniventes (intestines), 266 Vasa vasorum (arteries), 187 Vasoconstrictor nerves, 187 Vasodilator nerves, 187 Vasomotor centre, 187 nerves, 187, 328 Vastus externus muscle, 162 internus muscle, 162 Vater, ampulla of, 302 Vein or veins, 189 axillary, 213 basilic, 213 median, 213 blood-pressure in, 191 cardiac, 211 cava, vena, inferior, 213 superior, 211 cephalic, 213 coats of, 188 contractility of, 189 coronary, 211 482 INDEX Vein or veins, deep, 210, 211, 215 description of, 210 elasticity of, 189 facial, 212 femoral, 215 function of, 185, 189 of heart, 211 iliac, common, 215 left, 215 right, 215 innominate, 211 jugular, external, 211 internal, 211 mesenteric, inferior, 216 superior, 216 peroneal, 215 plexus, venous, 211 popliteal, 215 portal, 215 system of, 215 tributaries of, 216 veins forming, 216 pulmonary, 179, 180 pyloric, 216 radial, 213 saphenous, long, 215 short, 215 sinus, coronary, 211 venous, 211 structure of, 185 subclavian, 213 superficial, 210, 212, 215 systemic, 210 temporal, 212 temporomaxillary, 212 tibial, 215 ulnar, 213 upper extremity, 212 valves of, 189 Vena cava, inferior, 213 superior, 211 comites, 211, 215 Venous circulation, 189 pressure of blood in, 191 Ventral cavity of body, 18 Ventricles of brain, 362 of heart, 178, 179 of larynx, 237 Venules, 189 function of, 189 Vermiform appendix, 269 Vernix caseosa (newborn), 327 Vertebra or vertebrae, 76 description of, 75 names of divisions of, 72 number of, 72 Vertebral column as a whole, 72 bones of, 72 Vertebral, curvatures in, 73 length of, 74 Vertex of skull, bones of, 71 Vesicle, blastodermic, 40 Vestibule of internal ear, 411 of vagina, 419 Vibrations, 414 effect upon ear-drum, 414 relation to hearing, 414, 415 Villi, function of, in relation to absorption, 287 relation to digestion, 287 of small intestines, 287 structure, 287 Vision, parts of eye-ball concerned with, 403, 404 refracting apparatus in, 404 Vital capacity of lungs, 246 Vitelline membrane, 35 Vitellus, 35, 420 Vitreous humor (eye-ball), 401 Vocal cords, false, 237 true, 238 Voice, production of, 238 vocal sounds in, 238 Volumes of air breathed during respiration, 245 complemental, 240 reserve, 246 residual, 246 tidal, 245 Voluntary striated muscle tissue, 117 Vomer, 66 Vulva of vagina, 417 Waste products, elimination by skin. 323, 328 in sweat, 328 in urine, 319, 321 Water in body, 25 Wharton's duct, 258 White fibrous tissue, 48 cells of blood. See Corpus- cles, 220 Windpipe. See Trachea, 238 Wirsung's duct, 301 Wrisberg, cartilage of (larynx), 236 Wrist, bones of, 90 Yellow body (corpus luteum), 426 INDEX 483 Yellow elastic tissue, 48 spot of retina (macula lutea), 402 Yolk, formatitive, ovum, of 35 nutritive, 35 Z Zona pellucida, 425 Zygomatic process, 63 Zygomaticus major muscle, 129 minor muscle, 129 ^ fc> s(^?i