Window Screen Construction Details

top rails and stiles. 1 piece white pine IJsxl inch by width of window for middle rail. Enough screen moulding to cover edges of screen and middle rail. Hardware: Twenty lOd casing nails, if nailed joint is used; 1 package No. 16 brads if mortise and tenon joint is used and for nailing moulding; package of carpet tacks for screen; wire fly screen; paint. The finished dimensions are not given here as they must be obtained by measuring the window where the screen is to fit. The mortise and tenon joint is the stronger and better way of joining the screen at the corners, yet a nailed joint holds the members firmly in place if the Fig. 19. Position of Chisel and Mallet for Mortising. nails are well placed at an angle as shown in the drawing. The screen need lap only far enough on the sides and ends to be securely nailed. It should not project outside of the moulding which is placed on the inside edge of the sides and ends and across the middle rail. The painting should be done carefully so as to prevent moisture from getting into the joints. Fig. 20. Method for Holding Chisel in Mortising. 24 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING TOOL SHARPENING There are three distinct operations in sharpening a plane bit or chisel; first, grinding, Fig. 21; second, whetting the beveled side, Fig. 22; third, removing the wire edge from the plain side, Fig. 23. In grinding a plane iron loosen the cap screw with a screw driver and set the lever cap back on the plane iron so that it will be out of the way when removing the wire edge from the plain side. Fig. 21. Grinding a Chisel. The plane iron or cutter should be held on the grinder so that the edge will be a perfect right angle with the side. It should be held firmly in one position so that only one bevel will be formed. In grinding, the tool should be moved from side to side on the grinder so as to prevent wearing the stone unevenly. In whetting the beveled side of the chisel or plane iron it should be held firmly in both hands as indicated in Fig. 22 and given three or four forward strokes, pressing the iron firmly on to the stone. Do not move the wrists for this motion. The movement should occur at the elbow and by the swaying of the body forward and back. Fig. 22. Whetting the Beveled Side of a Chisel. licnidviiii; thr Wire Edge from the I hi Side of a Chisel. To remove the wire edge, lay the flat side of chisel or plane iron, flat on the oil stone as shown in Fig. 23 and move it back and forth three or four strokes. Under no circumstances should the end of the iron be raised or lowered so that it won't lie flat on the stone. Until one becomes thoroughly familiar with tool sharpening the whett ing of both beveled and plain sides may need to be done more than once to instu-e a good cutting tool. AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 25 SAW FILING The first operation in sharpening a saw is that of jointing the saw, Fig. 24. The purpose of this is to bring'all teeth to an even length. This is done by drawing a flat file across the teeth of the saw\ One or two strokes is usually sufficient. The file must be held perfectly square; this may be facilitated by use of a block called a saw jointer, as shown in Fig. 24. The second operation in saw sharpening is that of setting the saw. This consists of bending the teeth outward, one on one side, the next on the other and so on till all the teeth are bent. The set should not extend more than half the length of the tooth. For ordinary work the teeth should be set about one-third the thickness of the blade. For dry lumber the saw will require less set than for green or wet lumber. Fig. 24. Jointing a Saw. The third operation is that of filing the saw. In fifing a cross-cut saw the point of the file should point toward the point of the saw at an angle of about 45 degrees. In filing a rip saw the file is held straight across the saw. File every tooth to a point, one-half of the fiUng being done from each side, being careful to stop filing a tooth when it has been brought to a point. File the entire length of the saw from one side, then reverse the saw and file from the^other^side. The front edge of each tooth projecting away from the filer and the back edge of the tooth next ahead, should be filed with the same stroke. Only forward strokes i)f the file should be used. The fourth operation consists of placing the saw flat on a smooth surface, as the top of a bench, and running a whet- Fig. 25. Filing a Saw. stone over the teeth so as to re- move the burr from the teeth caused by filing. 26 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 27 MILKING STOOL Material Required Lumber: 1 piece white pine i^"xl0"x5' 3". (Cypress or redwood may be substituted for white pine.) Hardware: 15 flat head bright wood screws, If" No. 10. 16 flat head bright wood screws, If" No. 8 for braces. 28 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 29 IRONING BOARD Material Required Lumber: 1 piece white pine, poplar or basswood, I|"xl2"x5' 0". 1 piece white pine, poplar or basswood, il"x4"x3' 6". 1 piece birch or oak tixl|"x8' 4". Hardware: 2 carriage bolts "x2^" with 2 washers each. 4 flat head bright wood screws 1" , No. 8. 2 flat head bright wood screws |", No. 7. 2 steel butt hinges, riveted, with 1" screws. Pieces. 1. 2. 1. 1. 1. 1. Stock Bill Finished Dimensions Ii"xl2"x5' 0" ir'xU"x3' 2" fr'xl"xl2" |"xl"x9i" il"x4"x2' 7" il"x4"xl0" Use. Board. Clamps. Parting Strip. Cross bar. Post. Post and Hinge Support. Directions 1. Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 2. To shape the board draw a center line lengthwise of stock and swing an arc with 5" radius on center line 5" from end. 3. Draw lines across both edges 2' 3" from the same end as the arc. 4. Remove stock to line with saw, draw knife and plane. 5. Locate points for bolts 4" from end and 2" from edge and bore a 11-16" hole Y' deep on the upper edge of board. 6. Bore " holes thru the board in center of 11-16" holes, and thru the parting strips and clamps. 7. Bolt these three members in place and plug the 11-16" holes. 8. Fasten the post to the post and hinge support with four l" No. 8 screws. 9. Cut a small groove in the lower side of the board and also in the edge of the post and hinge support for the joint of the hinges and fasten the hinges. 10. Place the board on the bench and the post standing up at right angle to the board and fasten the cross bar to the clamps so that it touches the post. 11. Bore the f" hole in the lower end of post for hanging the board. 30 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 31 WAGON JACK Material Required Lumber : 1 piece oak, birch, maple or other hardwood I"x6"x6' 6". Hardware: 6 machine bolts |"x3|" with washers. 2 flat head, bright wood screws 1|", No. 10. 2 pieces of iron i"xl"x4". 3 iron rivets V'xll". T7>e ^^-LV_" -J I I -H i b-II- I I I 173-5 32 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 33 COMMUNITY BIRD HOUSE Material Required Lumber: 1 piece white pine or basswood ^"x6|"x9' 4". 1 piece white pine or basswood Ti"x4"x4". 1 piece white pine or basswood l|"xl^"xl6". (Poplar, cypress or redwood may be substituted for white pine or basswood.) Hardware: 1 flat head bright wood screw 2^', No. 12. 4 flat head bright wood screws \" , No. 8. 2| doz. brads 1" , No. 18, for bottom and sides. 1| doz. 6d finishing nails for roof. -><?- I ^t 34 36 : : AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 37 CHICKEN BROODER COOP AND RUN Lumber Hardware Material Required 1 piece t|"x9"x10' 0" white pine, Oregon pine, cypress or redwood. 1 piece ii"x23^"xlO' 0" white pine, Oregon pine, cypress or redwood. 1 piece t|"x2"x7' 6" white pine, Oregon pme, cypress or redwood. 1 piece -i|"xl3^"x2' 0" white pine, Oregon pine, cypress or redwood. 1 piece j^"xl"x2' 0" white pine, Oregon pine, cypress or redwood. ^ lb. 4d common nails. 1 lb. 6d common nails. 21 hneal ft. 18", 1" mesh chicken wire. 34 lb. ^"poultry netting staples. 38 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 39 THREE-HORSE EVENER Lumber: 1 piece select hickory I|"x5"x4' 4". (If hickory is not avail- able, white ash may be used.) Hardware: 1 iron rivet j"x3|" with 2 washers. 1 iron rivet l"x5l" with 2 washers. Directions 1. Reduce stock to If"x5"x4' 4". 2. Lay out the taper for the one-horse end by drawing a line from a point on the back edge of the stock 21" from the two-horse end to a point on the one-horse end 3^" from the front edge. 3. Remove the stock to line with saw and plane. 4. Lay out and cut a I" chamfer on the edges of the stock as indicated in the drawing. 5. Bore I" holes for the rivets 1|" from ends and fasten rivets by securely riveting them. 6. Locate points 2" from ends and 1|" from back edge of stock and bore f " holes for clevises. 7. Locate a point 18" from the two-horse end and 1|" from the front edge, and bore a f " hole for main clevis pin. TWO-HORSE EVENER Lumber: 1 piece select hickory or ash If"x4^"x4' 0". Hardware: 2 iron rivets j"x3f". Directions 1. Reduce stock to If"x4|"x4' 0". 2. Lay out the taper by drawing lines across the back edge of the stock 21" from each end and lines across both ends 3^" from the front edge and connecting the lines by lines drawn on the sides of the stock. 3. Remove the stock to line with the saw and plane. 4. Lay out and cut a j" chamfer on the edges of the stock as indicated in the drawing. 5. Bore |" holes for the rivets Ij" from ends and place rivets. 6. Locate points 2" from ends and 1|" from back edge of stock and bore 9-16" holes for clevises. 7. Locate a point 24" from either end and 1|" from the front edge and bore a f " hole for the main clevis pin. SINGLETREE Lumber: 1 piece of hickory or ash 2i"x2f"x2' 10". Directions 1. Square up the stock to finished dimensions. 2. Find the center at each end by drawing lines diagonally as shown in the detail drawing. 3. Draw a circle at center of each end 1|" in diameter. 4. Cut a templet of pasteboard as shown in the detail drawing and use in getting the singletree a perfect oval at the center. 5. In removing the stock, bring it to a square at the end, then an octagon and then a circle. Remove the bulk of the stock with the saw and finish with the plane. The singletree may be sanded to produce a smooth finish. 40 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 41 FENCE AND GATE Material Required Lumber: 5 pieces white or yellow pine |"x6"xl6' 0". 2 pieces white or yellow pine |"x6"xl4' 0". 1 piece white or yellow pine |"x4"x6' 0". 1 piece round hardwood f "x6". (Oregon pine or cypress may be substituted for white or yellow pine.) Hardware : 2 pair screw hook and strap hinges. 26 carriage bolts f "x3". 16 carriage bolts f"x2". 23 6d common nails. 42 " AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 43 BENCH. Material Required. Lumber-- 1 piece white pine 13/16"xl2"x3' 0" 1 piece white pine 13/16"x4"xl2' 0" 1 piece white pine 13/16"x7"xl0' 0" -- Hardware 12 flat head bright wood screws Ij" No. 8 16 flat head bright wood screws If" No. 10 Pieces 2 2 2 2 Stock Bill. Finished Dimensions 13/16"xl2"xl7" 13/16"x4''xl0f 13/16"x4"x4' 8" 13/16"x7"x5' 0" Use Legs Cross braces Aprons Top Directions. 1. Reduce all pieces to finished d'mensions. 2. Lay out the opening at the lower end of the legs and remove the stock with the rip saw and coping saw. 3. Cut the openings for the aprons on each edge at the upper end of the legs. 4. Bore holes with No. 5 wood twist drill and fasten the cross braces with five flat head bright wood screws Ij" No. 8. 5. Bore holes with 3/16" wood twist drill; countersink the holes and fasten the aprons with two flat head bright wood screws If" No. 10. 6. Bore holes in the top with 3/16" wood twist drill, countersink the holes and fasten top with If" No. 10 flat head bright wood screws. AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 45 RABBIT TRAP. Material Required. -- Lumber One piece of any kind of wood (preferably old weathered), I"x6"x8' 0" -- Hardware 2 doz. 8d common nails 4 staples (poultry netting) 1 piece of heavy wire 18" long for trigger 1 piece of heavy tin or galvanized iron 4"x5|" for door 2 3d shingle nails Stock Bill. Pieces 4 1 Dimensions I"x6"x21" I"x4"x6" Use Sides, top and bottom End Directions. As little planing as possible should be done so as to retain the weathered surface of the wood. 1. Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 2. Bend the wire for the trigger as indicated in the drawing. 3. Nail the staples for holding the trigger to the bottom side of the top. 4. Nail the top and bottom to the sides, using four nails for each joint. 5. Place the trigger in position through the staples. 6. Nail the end in place using two nails for each joint. 7. Punch or drill holes I" from the upper edge and |" from each side of the tin door and fasten door in position with staples. 8. Place the two 3d nails at places shown in the drawing for door stops A heavy wire door made as shown in the detail drawing may be used instead of the tin door. Old weathered lumber is preferable to new as it more closely resembles a hollow log. -- 'to >/ I M TT -Ti J. �I n -r ^- I �Upgwiar 3JL ^ f ^ :^\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ^ \ \ \ \ \ \ n f7 / / / i-rrr-rr -rj I I I I ,,<^-,5� .Q/- .X ^i -^ I S 46 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 47 SEED CORN CURING FRAME Material Required. -- Lumber 1 piece I"x4"x8' 0" any soft wood -- Hardware 8 flat head bright wood screws Ij" No. 7 8 flat head bright wood screws If" No. 10 30 ft. of No. 18 annealed wire 48 3d fine shingle nails 48 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING SEED CORN TREE Material Required. -- Lumber 1 piece 4"x4"x6' 0" of any kind of soft wood 1 piece 2"x6"x3' 0" of any kind of soft wood 1 piece I"x2"x2' 6" of any kind of soft wood -- Hardware 16 flat head bright wood screws IJ" No. 8 1| lb. lOd finishing nails 1 piece tin 12"xl2" Pieces 1 2 4 Stock Bill. Finished Dimensions 4"x4"x6' 0" If"x6"xl8" 13/16"x2"x7" Use Tree Foot Braces Directions. 1. Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 2. Lay out an octagon on the upper end of the tree as shown in the detail drawing and then lay out a chamfer on each corner of the tree to within 16" of the lower end of the tree. Remove stock for chamfer with plane and chisel. 3. Shape top of tree as shown in drawing, removing the stock with the plane. 4. Lay out a half lap joint for the two pieces for the foot; remove the stock with saw and chisel. 5. With saw and chisel, shape the lower end of post as shown in detail of "post at bottom." 6. Place the two pieces for the foot together and bore a 2" hole through the center for bottom of post. 7. Brace the post as shown in the drawing, using two screws at each end of each piece. 8. Cut a square hole in the center of the tin mouse guard as large as the tree and strip on the tree to bottom of chamfer. 9. Place nails 3" apart in a staggered position at about such slant as shown in drawing. Fig. 29. Seed Corn Tree AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 49 CHICKEN BROODER, COOP AND RUN Material Required -- Lumber 1 piece soft pine, cypress, fir or basswood l"xl"xl2' 0" 2 pieces soft pine, cypress, fir or basswood I"xl0"xl2' 0' -- Hardware j lb. 6d common nails J lb 8d common nails 30 8d finishing nails 16 3d fine shingle nails 16 flat head bright wood screws IJ" No. 9 27 flat head bright wood screws |" No. 6 1 piece of fine screen 6"xll" 1 piece of fine screen 10^"xl2" 1 piece of 1" mesh chicken wire 13"x3' 9" 1 piece of 1" mesh chicken wire 13"x5' 0" 1 piece of 2" mesh chicken wire 27"x5' 0" 2 gate hooks and eyes 1 piece heavy tin ll"xl4^" 1 piece heavy tin or galvanized iron ll"xl6j" 1 piece heavy wire 16" J lb. I" galvanized poultiy netting staples 50 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 51 4. Nail the battens over the joints on top of the coop with 3d fine shingle nails. ' 5.