Introduction

iVA m/ir -^imnriMifiBiaitllniSH , . '-'�>. Gop>iightN!'. CiiPW?IGHT DEPOSIT. Agricultural Woodworking A GROUP OF PROBLEMS FOR Rural and Graded Schools, Agricultural High Schools and the Farm Workshop By Louis M. Roehl u Director of Farm Mechanics, Milwaukee County School of Agriculture and Domestic Economy, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin The Bruce Publishing Company MILWAUKEE, WIS. Copyright 1916 The Bruce PubHshing Company ft AUG 31 1916 17-/^^^/ iCI.A4^H332 PREFACE THE manual training which is offered in the rural schools, graded schools and agricultural high schools should be principally of an agricultural nature. Work of this kind has a tendency to keep the boys in school for a longer period of time. It creates a desire to use tools in making farm necessities and improving farm buildings and equipment. It develops a closer relationship between the school and the home. It trains the eye and hand and develops patience, perseverance, judgment and accuracy. It creates a desire to equip and use a shop at home. It has a bearing on making the boys want to stay on the farm. It is with these thoughts in mind that this book on agricultural woodworking has been prepared. It is intended that it be used by the boys both at school and at home in the farm workshop as an aid to efficient farming. CONTENTS Page Preface 3 Woodworking Equipment for Country Schools 5 Directions for Reducing Stock to Dimensions 6-7 Bread Board 8-9 Bench Hook 10-11 Feeding Trough for Clucks 12-13 Fly Trap 14-15 Folding Bench 16-17 Nail and Staple Box 18-19 Bird House 20-21 Window Screen 22-23 Tool Sharpening 24 Saw Filing 25 Milking Stool 26-27 Ironing Board 28-29 Wagon Jack 30-31 Conuuunity liird House 32-33 Chicken Feonl Hopper Chicken Brooder Coop and Bun 34-35 36-37 Eveners and Singletree Fence and Gate 38-39 40-41 Bench 42-43 Rabbit Trap 44-45 Seed Corn Ciu'ing Frame 46-47 Seed Corn Tree. . . ; Chicken Brooder Coop and Run 46-48 49-50-51 Clothes Line Reel and Kitchen Stool. . .52-53 Step Ladder 54-55 Swinging Farm Gate 56-57 Trap Nest 58-59 Hive Seat and Tool Box 60-61 Ladders 62-63 Carpenter's Tool Box Two-Man Weight Carrier 64-65 66-67 Saw Horse 68-69 Page Lawn or Porch Seat. . Daily Milk Record Sheet Case 70-71 72-73-74 Oats Sprouter 75-76-77 Fruit Ladder Wagon Box Flat Hay Rack Carpenter's Work Bench A Farm Work Shop 78-79 80-81 82-83 84-85-86 87-91 Ensilage Rack Roughage Feed Rack for Swine Roughage Feed Rack for Cattle Hay Rack 92-93 94-95 96-97 98-99 King Road Drag Grain Bed 100-101 102-103 Garden Wheelbarrow 104 Land Leveler 105 Blanker Wagon Bed Wagon Box Toi) Wagon Box Stock Rack Silo Form Farm Buildings Portable Hog House Colony Poultry House 106 107 108 109 110 111-112 113 114 115-116 Poultry House 117 Pigeon House 118 Hog House 119 Implement Shed 120 (^orn C'ril) 121 Combination Dairy and Horse Barn. 122-125 (combination Horse and Cow Barn 126 Plan for a Farmstead 127 Knots and Sphces 128-133 Lacing a Belt with a Rawhide Thong .... 134 Lacing a Belt with Metallic Wire Belt Lacing - Tools 135 136-137 WOODWORKING EQUIPMENT FOR COUNTRY SCHOOLS -22-inch Hand Rip Saw 8 Point -22-inch Hand Cross Cut Saw 8 Point -Claw Hammer, 12 oz. Straight Claw, Plain Face . -Jack Plane, 14-inch with 2-inch Cutter -Try Square, 8 inch -T bevel, 8 inch -Marking Gauge No. -Divider, 8 inch -Carpenter's Mallet, 2fx3f inches -2-foot Four Fold Rule, Brass Bound -j-inch Socket Firmer Chisel -|-inch Socket Firmer Chisel -f -inch Socket Firmer Chisel -Bench Stops -8-inch Bench Brush -12-inch Handy Saw -Steel Rafter Framing Square -Bench Hook -6-inch Screw Driver -10-inch Screw Driver -Ratchet Brace, 8-inch Sweep -10-inch Flat Bastard Mill File, with Handle -6-inch Slim Taper Triangular File, with Handle... -8-inch Drawing Knife -Nail Set, 3-32 inch -Rose Countersink -Set Twist Drill Bits -2x8-inch Combination Carborundum Stone -Special Saw Set -6-inch Combination Plier -Putty Knife -Set of Six Auger Bits, I, f, ^, f, f , 1 inch -Coping Saw, Nickel Plated, Wire Frame $1 .50 1 . 50 .55 2. 15 .35 30 10 .35 .25 35 .35 .35 .40 .10 .35 1 . 25 1.75 35 .30 .50 1 . 10 25 . 10 .70 10 .15 1 . 25 1 . 00 .40 .30 15 1 .50 .25 $20.35 For illustrations of tools see pages 136-137. AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING DIRECTIONS FOR REDUCING STOCK TO DIMENSIONS --1 Plane one side smooth and mark "I." Call this side the working face. Fig. 1. Fig. 1. Holding Wood Between Beneli i'eg Planing Surface. -Plane one adjoining edge at right angles to surface "I" and mark "II." Call this edge the working edge. Fig. 2. Fig. 2. Edge Planing. --3 Draw a line acro.ss surface "I" near one end at right angles to surface "II," and remove the end stock to line with saw or plane. Mark end surface "III." Call this end the working end. Kig. 3, Fig. 4. Fig. 3. Squaring the End with Try Square and Pencil. AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING -Measure off the length of the required piece on surface "I" from the end surface "III," and reduce stock to length with saw or plane. Fig. 4. Sawing Cross Grain on Bench Hook with Back or Handy Saw. -- 4a The end may be trimmed with a block plane as shown. Fig. 4a. Fig. 4a. End Planing with a Block Plane. --5 Mea.sure off the width of the required piece on surface "I" from edge "II" and remove stock to line with plane. --6 With marking gauge set at the thickness of the required piece, measure off the thickness of the required stock from surface "I" and remove stock to line with plane. Fig. 5. Fig. 5. The Marking Gauge in Use. - In reducing a piece of wood to dimensions the try square should be used con- stantly, to obtain right angles with the adjoining surfaces. The stock should be removed to the line but the line should never be cut away. Fig. 6. Fig. 6. Testing to See if End is Square with the Edge. AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING BREAD BOARD Material Required Lumber : 1 piece basswood, poplar or white pine tlx5^xllK inches. Tools Sharp lead pencil, rule, try square, jack plane, handy ^ saw, brace, ^g inch bit, inch chisel, marking gauge, dividers. Stock Bill Pieces. 1. Finished Dimensions. ^x5 3^x11 inches. Fig. 7. Swinging an Arc with a Compass. Fig. 8. Chiseling with the Grain. Directions -Reduce stock to finished dimensions following the above directions. -To lay out round corners locate points at each corner on both sides 1 inch from end and 1 inch from edge, and with dividers set at a 1inch radius swing an arc across the corner to edge and end. Fig. 7. --3 Draw a Hne across edge and end at each corner 1 inch from the corner so that the proper amount of stock may be removed. --4 Remove stock at corner with % inch chisel, cutting with the grain. Fig. 8. Fig. 10. Feeling for the Point of the Bit. Fig. 9. Boring a Hole. % -Locate a point inch from one end on a center line drawn lengthwise of the stock and bore hole with ^8 inch bit. Bore from one side until the point of the bit comes through, then turn the board and finish from the other side. This prevents sphtting of the wood around the hole. Fig. 9, Fig. 10. 10 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 11 BENCH HOOK Material Required Lumber: 1 piece white or yellow pine, ^x5ysxl0y2 inches. 1 piece white or yellow pine T^xlJ^xll inches. (Cypress or Oregon pine may be substituted for white or yellow pine.) Hardware : 6 flat head bright wood screws l^inch, No. 8. Fig. 11. Position to Hold Sand Paper and 8aud Paper Block. Tools Sharp lead pencil, rule, try square, jack plane, ^ handy saw, brace, A inch bit. No. inch twist drill, countersink, screw driver. Pieces. 1. 1. 1. Stock Bill Finished Dimensions. Mx53^xlO in. Mxl^x 5M in. HxlHx 43^ in. Fig. 12. Setting a Plane. Directions --1 Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. --2 Draw a center line lengthwise of big piece. --3 Locate a point on line just drawn 214 % inches from one end and bore inch hole. --4 Locate points on each of the small pieces for screws. -- ^ 5 Bore holes for screws with inch twist bit and countersink the holes. --6 Clamp all pieces accurately in position in vise and assemble with screws. If white pine or other soft wood is used the screws may be forced into the large piece without drilling a hole, but if yellow pine or other hardwood is used a hole should be made for starting the screw with a smaller bit than that used for the shank of the screw. The screw driver should be held straight and pressed firmly so as not to mar the slot in the screw. The hole for the-ljead of the screw should be countersunk so that the head is slightly below the surface of the wood. Fig. 13. Countersinking a Hole. 12 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 13 FEEDING TROUGH FOR CHICKS Material Required Lumber: 1 piece cypress, white pine or basswood, tlxdJ^^xQ inches. 1 piece cypress, white pine or basswood, T|xtix223^ inches. 1 piece cypress, white pine or basswood, J^x9x30 inches. (Poplar or redwood may be substituted for cypress, white pine or basswood.) Hardware: 2 flat head bright wood screws, 1>^ inch No. 10. 5 dozen J^ inch brads. 16 1J4 inch brads. 12 4d finishing nails. Tools T Sharp lead pencil, rule, try square, bevel, jack plane, hammer, brace, -^ inch twist drill, countersink, nail set, screw driver. Fig. 14. Proper Position to Hold Screw Driver Pieces. 2. 1. 1. 2. 28. Stock Bill Finished Dimensions. ^x4 x4 inches. %x %x22 inches. 3^x3 x22 inches. Hx2^x22 inches. Hx ^x 2'}4 inches. Use. Ends. Ridge. Bottom. Sides. Partitions. Fig. 15. Ripsawing on a Saw Horse. Directions --1 Reduce all pieces to finished di- mensions. --2 To make the end cuts of the par- titions hold the saw at 45� to a right angle. --3 Fasten ends to ridge with 13^ inch No. 10 screw. Use re inch twist drill for screw hole and counter- sink hole. --4 Fasten ends to sides and bottom with six 4d finishing nails at each end. --5 Nail sides to bottom with IJ^ inch brads. Use eight brads at each side spaced evenly. --6 Fasten partitions by using one ]/s inch brad at each end. 14 AGklCULTURAL WOODWORKING 15 FLY TRAP Material Required Lumber: 1 piece white pine, cypress or basswoood t|x8x24 inches. 1 piece white pine or basswood J^xlKxSG inches. Hardware: IK 16 fiat head bright wood screws inch, No. 8. 4 dozen carpet tacks. 1 piece wire fly screen 14 inches square. 16 brads 1 34 inch, No. 18. 14 shingle nails. Tools Sharp lead pencil, rule, try square, jack plane, handy saw, brace and ^ inch twist drill, countersink, screw driver, hammer, nail set, compass. 16 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 17 FOLDING BENCH Material Required Lumber : 1 piece cypress or white pine texS inches x 9 ft. 6 inches. HxlM 1 piece cypress or white pine inches x 7 feet. (Oregon pine or Southern pine may be substituted for cypress or white pine.) Hardware: 30 flat head bright wood screws 1% inches, No. 10. 16 fiat head bright wood screws 1 inch, No. 7. 4 carriage bolts and washers Hx2 inches. Tools % Sharp lead pencil, rule, try square, jack plane, handy saw, brace, inch bit, rt inch and % 3^ inch twist drills, countersink, inch chisel, rip saw, screw driver, pliers, dividers. Pieces 2. 2. 2. 4. 2. 2. 4. Stock Bill Finished Dimensions. Mx2Hx 4 feet Mx2Hx 3 feet Hx2}4xU}i inches. ^x2 x21 inches. ^x2 xl6 inches, ^x ^xl43^ inches. inches. 103^ inches. 3^x1 x21 inches. Use. Sides. Platform. Ends. Legs. End cross pieces. Lower cross pieces. End braces. Directions --1 Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. -- 1% 2 Fasten ends to four long pieces by using two inch No. 10 screws at each joint. Bore holes for screws with re inch twist bit and countersink holes. --3 Fasten end lower cross piece by placing five screws as shown in the drawing. -- 3^ 4 Locate points for bolts on side pieces 13/8 inches from top edge and inches from end and bore hole with ^g inch bit. --5 Round upper end of legs. --6 Bore ^-s inch holes in legs at end for bolts. -- % 7 Cut notch 3 inch deep and inch wide in upper edge of legs 2 inches from end and fasten 1% cross piece in place with one inch screw at each joint. --8 Lay out cross braces, making half lap joint at center and fasten with two 1 inch No. 7 ^ screws at each joint, and one inch screw at half lap joint. --9 Fasten legs to top with bolts. 18 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 19 NAIL AND STAPLE BOX Material Required Lumber: 1 piece white pine or basswood i6x8KxllJ/2 inches. 1 piece white pine or basswood tix53^xll3^ inches. 1 piece white pine or basswood 3^x4 inches by 4 feet 2 inches. (Redwood, poplar or cypress may be substituted for white pine or basswood.) Hardware: 5 flat head bright wood screws l}i inches, No. 8. 3 dozen 4d finishing nails. Tools Sharp lead pencil, rule, try square, jack plane, handy saw, brace and 5-32 inch twist drill, % countersink, 1 inch bit, screw driver, hammer, inch chisel. Fig. 17. Holdiug the Plane at au Angle tu Cut a Chamfer Pieces. 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. Stock Bill Finished Dimensions. ^x8 xll inches. ^x5 3^x11 inches. 3/^x4 xl2 inches. 3^x4 X 8 inches. 3^x3 Mx SYs inches. Use. Bottom. Partition and handle. Sides. Ends. Cross partitions. Directions --1 Reduce all pieces to finished dimensions. 2--To lay out opening for hand draw a line lengthwise of stock 13^2 inches from upper edge, also draw a center Hne crosswise of stock. Measurements should be made on hne running lengthwise of stock from center line. Locate points on line 13^ inches from center hne and bore 1 inch holes. Remove as much as possible of the remaining stock with 1 inch ^ bit and trim opening with inch chisel. --3 In making partition and handle first reduce piece to %x534xll inches. To lay out the slant draw two lines across upper edge 33^ inches from ends and a line across each end 2 inches from upper edge. Connect lines just drawn with hues on both sides. --4 Lay out }i inch chamfer on upper edge and both ends of opening with pencil and re- move stock with chisel. --5 Remove stock for slant with saw and trim to line wath plane. --6 Lay out 3^ inch chamfer on corners of upper edge and remove stock with plane. --7 Assemble box by placing nails and screws as shown in drawing. 20 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 21 BIRD HOUSE Material Required Lumber: 1 piece white pine or basswood %x5}4 inches x 3 feet 2 inches. 1 piece white pine or basswood Hx8Mx8H inches. 1 piece white pine or basswood j^xl^xlQj^ inches. (Poplar, cypress or redwood may be substituted for pine or basswood.) Hardware: 1 flat head bright wood screw 2 inch No. 12. 4 flat head bright wood screws J^ inch No. 7. 1 dozen IJ^ inch brads No. 18. 2 dozen 1 inch brads No. 18. Tools Sharp lead pencil, rule, try square, jack plane, handy saw, brace, coping saw, twist drills T 7-32 inch and 3^ inch, countersink, screw driver, hammer, nail set, bevel. Pieces 1. 2. 2. 2. 1. 1. Stock Bill Finished Dimensions. 3^x6 3^x 8 inches. ^x5 X 5J4 inches. Hx43/^x 4 ^x4%x 8 3^x1 Hx 2 %xl xl6 inches. inches. inches. inches. Use. Bottom. Ends. Sides. Roof. Brace. Post. Directions --1 Reduce all pieces to finished dimen.sions. --2 To make doorway draw a center line lengthwise of end piece and swing a circle with com- pass using point on center line IJ^ inches from end as center. --3 Draw L'nes at right angle to end tangent to sides of circle. --4 Remove stock for doorway using handy saw to cut to circle and coping saw to make the circle. --5 Set the T bevel at the same angle as shown in the drawing and lay out the slant for the gable of end pieces. --6 With T bevel in same position as for gables lay out bevels on upper edge of both sides and both edges of two pieces for roof. --7 ^Fasten brace to post with 2 inch No. 12 screw. Holes for flat head screws should always be bored and counter- sunk. --8 Fasten brace and post to bottom with four ]/8 inch No. 7 screws as shown in drawing. --9 Nail ends to sides by using three 1 inch brads at each joint. -- 10 Draw lines on lower side of bottom piece where brads are to be placed so that when driven through bottom they will enter sides and ends. -- 11 Nail bottom, ends and sides by us- ing three 1 inch brads at each side and back and two at front. -- 12 Fasten top in place by using seven 1 inch brads for each side. l-itr. is. Setting Xail with Nail Set. -- 13 Set brads with nail set. 22 AGRICULTURAL WOODWORKING 23 WINDOW SCREEN Lumber: Material Required for Each Window 1 piece white pine or cypress IH^'Z}^ inches by width of window for bottom rail. 1 piece white pine 1)^8x2 inches by width of window plus twice the length of window for