CHAPTER XXI MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY (Part 1)

CHAPTER XXI MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY Prefix Definition Example A absence of asepsis. dys painful dyspepsia. end the lining endocarditis. he mo blood hemothorax. hydro water hydrocele. hyper above hyperacidity. hypo beneath hypodermic. macro large macroglossia. micro small microscope. peri around pericardium. pneumo air pneumothorax. pyo pus pyogenic. Suffix Definition Example Algia pain neuralgia cele a tumor hydrocele. ectomy cutting out appendectomy. esthesia feeling hyperesthesia. gogue drugs causing in- crease of flow cholagogue. itis inflammation of appendicitis. lithiasis stone in nephrolithiasis. odynia painful pleurodynia. ology study of bacteriology. orrhea copious discharge diarrhea. otomy cutting into gastrotomy. phagia swallowing dysphagia. pepsia digestion dyspepsia. phonia speech aphonia. Name Root Word Inflammation Brain encephalia encephalitis. ear oto otitis. heart cardia endocarditis. intestines (large) colon colitis. intestines (small) enteron enteritis. kidney nephron nephritis. MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY Name Root Word Inflamma liver mouth hepar stoma hepatitis, stomatitis. muscle myo myositis. nerve neuron neuritis. nose rhinos rhinitis. rectum skin procto derma proctitis, dermatitis. stomach tongue gaster glossa gastritis, glossitis. GLOSSARY 409 Abdomen.— The portion of the trunk extending from the chest to the pelvis. Abnormal. — Not conforming to the general rule of nature. Abrasion. — The rubbing off of the skin or mucous surfaces by injury. Adenitis. — Inflammation of a gland. Adenoid. — A polypoid growth in the pharynx, back of the nose. Adipose. — Consisting of fat. Adolescence. — The period between puberty and full development. Aerated. — Exposed to the action of fresh air. Alkaline. — Having properties the opposite to those of an acid. Alopecia. — Baldness. Alveoli. — Air cells of the lungs. Analyze. — To ascertain the composition of. Anasarca. — General dropsy. Anatomy. — The study of the different tissues and organs of the body. Anemia. — A decrease in the blood constituents. Anesthetic. — Pertaining to the loss of sensation. Ankylosis. — A locking of a joint from injury or disease. Anomalies. — Marked deviation from the normal. Anorexia. — Loss of appetite. Antiseptic. — Having the power to destroy bacteria and to prevent their growth. Anus. — The external opening of the rectum. Areola. — A colored ring around an object. Arthrepsia. Marasmus. Asepsis. — Absence of bacteria. Asphyxia. — Suffocation. Assimilate. — Tin- process of transforming food into si condition that it may be taken up by the blood. Atony. — Want of power, especially muscular power. nutrient 4-IO DISEASES OF CHILD REX FOR X ERSES Atresia. — The absence of the natural opening to a normal canal. Auricle. — The external ear. Autopsy. — An examination of the organs and tissues of the body made after death. Bacteria. — Germs. A low form of plant life. They multiply verv rapidly. Batting. — Cotton or wool arranged in layers for quilting. Bicuspids. — The fourth and fifth teeth from the middle. Bladder. — The reservoir for the urine. Bronchial Tubes. — The air-passages from the windpipe or trachea to the air-cells of the lungs. Cachexia. — A very low condition of nutrition due to some serious disease. Canine Teeth. — The eye teeth, third from the middle. Canthus. — The angle formed by the upper and lower eyelids at the internal and external extremity of the palpebral fissure. Carbohydrates. — Sugars. Caries. — Death of a bone. Caseate. — To break down and form a cheese-like mass, seen in tuber- cular processes. Casein. — The ingredient of milk which constitutes most of the curd, and is the chief source of proteid. Catharsis. — To purge. Catheter.— A hollow, flexible rubber tube used to draw off the urine from the bladder (catheterization). Cell.— The smallest division of animal life. The entire body is composed of millions of cells. Cereals.— The grain plants, such as wheat, rye, barley, etc. The seed is used for food. Cerumen. — The wax of the ear. Cicatrix. — Scar tissue. Circulation.— The flowing of the blood through the body. Clonic— The term given to intermittent convulsions. Coagulate. — To thicken, clot, or curdle. Coalescence.— The union of two or more parts of a thing. To flow together. Colic. — Severe griping pain in the abdomen. Colostrum.— The milky fluid which can be pressed from the breasts of a pregnant woman, and which flows for the first three days after the birth of the child. MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY 411 Communicable. — Contagious. Complication. — A condition occurring during the course of a disease. Compound. — Composed of two or more ingredients. Compress. — A folded cloth, wet or dry, applied to a part for the relief of inflammation, or to prevent a hemorrhage. Condiment. — Substances used to give relish to food. Congenital. — Being present at the time of birth. Congestion. — An abnormal accumulation of blood in an organ or part of the body. Constipation. — Difficult or infrequent bowel movements. Constriction. — The state of being squeezed. Contagious. — Capable of direct communication. Contaminated. — Rendered impure by contact. Contusion. — A bruise. Convalescence. — The gradual return to health after sickness. Convulsion. — A violent and involuntary muscular contraction, or series of contractions. Cornea. — The transparent anterior portion of the eyeball. Coryza. — Cold in the head. Coxalgia. — Tubercular hip-joint disease. Curdle. — The formation of curds. Curds. — The thickened portion of milk. Curetment. — Scraping of a part to remove diseased tissue. Cyst. — A cavity containing fluid and surrounded by a capsule. Cystitis. — Inflammation of the bladder. Dandruff. — Small scales from the scalp. Deaf-mutism. — The condition of being both deaf and dumb. Debilitated. — Weakened. Decoction. — The water in which a substance has been boiled. Decubitus. — The position of a patient in bed. Defecate. — The act of having a bowel movement. Deformity. — Unnatural shape. Degeneracy. — The tendency to deteriorate. Deglutition. — The act of swallowing. Deleterious. — Injurious. Delivery.— The birth of a child. Dentition. — The process of cutting teeth. Dermatitis. — Inflammation of the skin. Desquamate. — To shed the skin. Development. — A gradual growth through progressive changes. 412 DISEASES OF CHILDREN FOR NURSES Diagnosis. — Recognition of a disease. Diastole. — The period when the chambers of the heart dilate after the period of contraction. Occurs after each heart-beat. Digestion. —The process of changing the food from the form in which it enters the body to that in which it is absorbed by the blood. Disinfection. — Rendering free from germs. Diurnal.— Daily. Douche. — A jet of water entering a cavity of the body. Dyspepsia. — Chronic indigestion. Ecchymosis. — Extravasation of Mood into surrounding tissues. Edema. — Dropsical swelling. Effervescent. — Bubbling up, with the giving off of gas bubbles. Effusion. — The pouring out of a serous or bloody fluid into the tissues or i avities of the body. Embolus. — A particle of fibrin or other material brought by the blood current and forming an obstruction within an arterv at its place of lodgment. Embryo. — The unborn child before the fourth month of pregnancy. Emulsion. — A mixture of an oily substance with a liquid. Enema. — An injection into the rectum. Epidermis. — The outer layer of the skin. Epistaxis. — Nose-bleed. Eruption.— A rash. Eustachian Tube. — A duct running from the middle ear to the pharynx. Evaporation. — Converting into vapor. Excretion. — A discharge of waste products. Exhale.— To breath out. Expiration. — The emptying of the lung of air. Fat-free Milk. — Milk from which all the fat has been removed. Feces. — The stools. Matter expelled from the intestines by way of tile rectum. Fetus. — The unborn child after the fourth month of pregnancy. Fissures. — Cracks in the skin, or mucous membrane. Flatulence. — The presence of gas in the stomach and intestines. Flocculent. — Flaky. Fomentation. — Flannel cloths rung out of hot water and plain! on tin- body as a means of applying moist heat. Fontanel. — The soft spot in a child's head, caused by the non- union of the bones. MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY 413 Formula. — A list of the names and quantities of the ingredients of a mixture. Function. — The mode of action of an organ. Furuncle. — A boil. Genital. — Pertaining to the organs of reproduction. Gland. — An organ of the body that secretes substances of use to the system or casts off waste matter. Hemorrhage. — Bleeding. Hemorrhoids. — Piles. Hepatization. — Liver-like. Used in describing the lung in pneu- monia. Hernia. — A rupture. The protrusion of the internal organs from their natural position. Hydrotherapy. — Treatment by means of water. Hygiene. — The science of preserving health. Hypertrophy. — To enlarge by overgrowth. Icterus. — Jaundice. Idiocy. — A lack of mental understanding. Imbecile. — One who is mentally weak. Incisors. — The four front teeth of each jaw. Incubator. — An apparatus for preserving the life of a premature infant. Infected. — Brought in contact with bacteria. Inherent. — Instinct. The ability to perform certain acts without knowledge of the reason and without previous training of the individual. Insomnia. — Sleeplessness. Inspiration. — The act of filling the lungs with air. Intermittent. — Ceasing at intervals. Interstitial Tissue. — The supporting tissue or framework of an organ or structure of the body. Isolation. — The complete separation from other individuals. Kumiss. — Fermented milk. Labor.— Childbirth. Laceration. — A cut. Lancinating. — Shooting. Latent. — Hidden. 4H DISEASES OE CHILDREN FOR NURSES Laxative. — A medicine that moves the bowels gently. Leukocytosis. - An increase in the number of white blood corpuscles in the circulation. Ligament.— A band of tissue binding two parts together. Lime-water. — A solution of lime in water. Loins.— The lower part of the back and region of the hips. Lubricant.— An oily material used to make two surfaces glide smoothly over one another. Malaise. — A feeling of weakness. Listlessness. Manipulation.— The act of handling or working with the hands. Massage. — A rubbing or kneading of the muscles. Mastication.— The act of chewing. Membrane. — A thin lining tissue. Membranous Croup.— Diphtheria of the larynx. Meningitis.— An inflammation of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. Microbe. — A germ. Micturition.— The act of urinating. Milk Sugar.— A sugar made by the evaporation of the whey of milk. Milk Teeth.— The first set of teeth. Minim.— About a drop. One-sixtieth of a fluid dram. Molars.— The back teeth. Morbid. — Diseased. Morbid Anatomy.— The study of diseased tissues. Mortality.— The frequency of death. Mucous Membrane.— The lining membrane of all passages and cavities that come in contact with the air. Mucus. — A slimy fluid from the mucous membrane. Navel.— The umbilicus. Necrosis. — Death of a structure or tissue. Nephritis.— Inflammation of the kidney. Bright's disease. Neural.— Pertaining to a nerve. Neuralgia.— Pain along the course of a nerve. Neurosis. — A nervous functional disease. Neurotic. — Nervous. Nevus.— A birth-mark. Nitrogenous Food-stuffs.— Meals, potatoes, and similar foods. Nocturnal.— Pertaining to night. Normal. — According to the rule df nature. MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY 415 Obstetrics. — The management of childbirth. Occluded.— Closed. Opaque. — Not transparent. Organism. — The body as a whole. Organize. — The conversion into living tissue. Palatable. — Agreeable to the taste. Parasites. — Insects living on animals, such as lice. Paroxysm. — A spasm. Paroxysmal. — Spasmodic. Parturition.— Childbirth. Pasteurization. — The heating of milk to 167 ° F. to destroy germs. Pathology. — The science of the changes which take place in the structure of the body in disease. Patulous. — Open. Pelvis. — The bony basin supporting the abdominal viscera. Percentage. — Rate per hundred. Perforation. — Used to denote the occurrence of a hole into an organ or through the bowel. Period of Incubation. — The time elapsing between the introduction of bacteria into the body and the appearance of the symptoms of the disease. Periodic. — Recurring at intervals. Peristalsis. — The worm-like movements of the intestines by which the feces are moved. Peritonitis. — An inflammation of the membrane lining the abdominal cavity. Pertussis.— Whooping-cough. Petechiae. — Hemorrhagic spots in the skin. Phenomenon. — A thing that is observed. Physiology.— The science of the functions of the different organs. Placenta. — The attachment of the umbilical cord to the inner side of the womb. The "after-birth." Pneumonia. — Inflammation of the lungs. Polyp. — A tumor composed of mucus. Pores. — The openings of the sweat-glands in the skin. Poultice. — A hot, soft mass, used to apply moist heat or to remove odor. Predisposition. — A tendency to. Pregnancy. — The tarrying of the child by mother before birth. Premature. — Before full term. 416 DISEASES OF CHILDREN FOR NURSES Prophylaxis. — Measures to prevent the development or spread of disease. Proteid. — The albuminous foods; the nourishing part of milk, eggs, and meat. Pruritus. — Itching. Puberty. — The period of life at which an individual becomes capable of producing children. Pubic. — Pertaining to the front of the pelvis. Puerperium. — The period immediately following childbirth. Pulse-rate. — The number of beats per minute. Purgative. — A medicine that cleans out the bowels. Quarantine. — The guarding of a building which houses a contagious case, so that no one can enter or leave. Rash. — A breaking out on the skin. Ratio. — Proportion. Reaction. — The return to normal after collapse. The return to warmth after a chill. Rectum. — The lower end of the intestines. Regurgitation. — Vomiting of mouthfuls. Relax. — To make less rigid. Remittent. — Temporary disappearance. Respiration. — The act of breathing. Respiratory Rate. — The number of respirations per minute. Resuscitate. — To revive. Rickets. — A disease of childhood characterized by deformity of the bones and changes in the liver and spleen. Rigor.— Chill. Rigor Mortis. — The stiffening of the muscles after death. Rotheln. — German measles. Saliva. — Secretion present in the mouth. Saturated Solution. — A solution of a substance in which no more of that substance can be dissolved. Sclerosis. — Hardening of a part due to overgrowth of fibrous tissue. Scrofulous. — Tubercular. Scurvy. — A disease due to a lack of nourishing diet. Secretion. — The substance produced by glandular action. Sedentary. — Sitting. Sepsis. — Poisoning by germs. MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY 417 Sequel. — A condition which appears after a disease. Shock. — The period of collapse following an accident or operation. Sinus. — Discharging channel from an abscess cavity. , Sitz Bath. — Sitting in water covering the hips. Sordes. — Crusts that accumulate on the teeth. Spasmodic. — Occurring in spasms. Specific Remedy. — One that has a distinct curative influence on an individual disease, as quinin in malaria. Sputum. — Spittle. Sprain. — A tearing of the ligaments around a joint. Stenosis. — Constriction or narrowing of a channel. Sterilize. — To render free from germs. Sterile. — Absence of germs. Stimulate. — To excite action. Stomach Teeth. — The two milk teeth on either side of the four lower incisors. Striae. — Lines or furrows. Structure. — Construction of parts. Stupe. — A cloth rung out of hot water and used for applying moist heat. Suppression. — A stoppage of a discharge. Symptom. — A sign of a disease. Temperature. — The degree of heat. Tetanus. — Lock-jaw. Tissue.— A collection of cells of the body doing the same work. Toxin. — A poison. Traumatism. — An injury. Tumor. — An abnormal swelling. Umbilical Cord. — The cord by which the infant is attached to the placenta. It enters the child's body at the umbilicus or navel. Unhygienic. — Contrary to the laws of health. Urine. — The excretion of the kidneys. Uterus. — The womb. Vapor Bath. — A bath in vapor used to produce sweating. Vagina. — The opening in the female which extends from the womb to the outer parts. Varicose Veins. — Swollen, thickened veins. Ventilation. — The process of replacing foul air with pure. 41 8 DISEASES OF CHILDREN FOR NURSES Venous Stasis. — Engorgement of the veins with blood. Viscera. — The organs of the body. Vitality. — Vigor. Vulva. — The external genitals of the female. Weaning. — Removing the nursing infant permanently from the breast. Whey. — The part of milk which remains fluid after the curds have formed. INDEX Abbreviations, 407 Abscess, cerebral, 185 in Pott's disease, 265 ischiorectal, 139 of liver, 141 of lung, g 1 retropharyngeal, 109 Accommodation, 215 Adenitis, 228 tubercular, 22, 268 Adenoid, 104 Air-beds, 395 Air-cushions, 395 Airing of newly born babe, Albumin and milk, 320 in urine, test for, 200 water, 320 Albuminuria, 199 Alkaline baths, 374 Amyloid kidney, 207 Anemia, 21, 167 Anesthesia, 176 Aneurysm, 21, 165 Angina, follicular, 103 Vincent's, 106 Anginoid scarlet fever, 272 Animal parasites, 137 Ankle clonus, 175 Ankylosis, 266 Anorexia, 97 Antidotes of poisons, 357 Antiseptic poultices, 368 Antitoxin in diphtheria, 28 Anuria, 198 Anus, atresia of, 123 fissure of, 139 Aortic insufficiency, 158 stenosis, 158 Apex-beat, 149 Aphasia, 186 Aphthous stomatitis, 99 Apoplexy, 185 Apothecaries' weight, 404 Appendicitis, 132 Appetite in digestive diseases, 96 Apple gruel, 323 Arachnoid, 173 Arrow-root gruel, 324 with egg, 325 Arteriosclerosis, 21, 165 Arthritis, tubercular, 267 Arthropathies, 176 Artificial feeding, 330 respiration, 385 Ascaris lumbricoides, 137 Ascites, 143 Asphyxia, emergency treatment, 359 in newborn, 388 Aspiration in empyema, 71 of chest, 402 pneumonia, 91 Asthma, 62 emergency treatment, 359 Astigmatism, 215 Atelectasis, 65 Athetosis, 175 Atresia of anus, 123 Atrophic rhinitis, 49 Atrophy, infantile, 309 muscular, 193 Auscultation of heart, 150 Autumnal fever, 245 Babies, blue, 20, 148 Babinski's reflex, 176 Balanitis, 212 Baner's formula for cream mixtures, 335 Barley gruel, 324 jelly, V5 maltine, and milk mixture, 325 water, 319 419 420 INDEX Barlow's disease, 306 Bath, alkaline, 374 bran, 374 compound glycerin, 374 compound sulphur, 374 for skin diseases, 374 graduated cold, 365 hot, 370 hygienic, 375 linseed, 374 mustard, 373 salt, 373 shower, 375 sponge, 364, 375 starch, 375 tar, 375 tepid,