Typhoid fever is an acute infectious disease caused by the typhoid bacillus. It's characterized by pathologic changes in intestinal lymph-follicles, particularly Peyer’s patches, mesenteric glands, and spleen enlargement. The disease has been documented since ancient times due to its frequent epidemics.
The dissemination of the disease occurs primarily through contaminated sewage or drinking water. The typhoid bacillus can survive for months in soil and water, leading to widespread contamination downstream from a single infected source. Proper disposal of patient waste is crucial to prevent further spread.
Typhoid fever predominantly affects adolescents and young adults but also occurs in children over two years old. Symptoms include sudden onset with headache, anorexia, nausea, and abdominal pain. A characteristic rash appears around the eighth day, followed by a high fever that peaks at 105°F or higher. <Callout type=