Erysipelas is caused by streptococci and characterized by a peculiar inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissues. The germs can be carried in the clothes. Certain children are more predisposed than others, especially those with wounds or diseases that lower their vitality. Symptoms include fever up to 104°F, chills, and redness spreading from the nose upward and laterally over the head. <Callout type="important" title="Nursing Care">Dressings should be changed at least twice a day, and clothing must be disinfected.</Callout> Pertussis or whooping cough is highly contagious, characterized by paroxysmal coughing ending in a prolonged whoop due to glottic closure. Symptoms progress through catarrhal, paroxysmal, and decline stages, with complications like bronchopneumonia being common. Nursing care includes isolation of the patient, inhalations for severe coughs, and ensuring plenty of fresh air.
Key Takeaways
- Erysipelas is a skin infection that spreads rapidly through wounds or abrasions.
- Pertussis symptoms include paroxysmal coughing and can lead to complications like bronchopneumonia.
- Isolation of patients with contagious diseases is crucial for preventing spread.
Practical Tips
- Change dressings frequently when treating erysipelas.
- Use inhalations of menthol or chloroform during severe pertussis coughing fits.
- Ensure children with whooping cough have plenty of fresh air and avoid contact with others.
Warnings & Risks
- Erysipelas can spread through clothing, making disinfection necessary.
- Pertussis complications like bronchopneumonia are common and potentially fatal.
Modern Application
While the chapter's medical advice is outdated, its emphasis on isolation and hygiene remains relevant. Modern antibiotics and vaccines have improved outcomes for these diseases, but understanding their symptoms and transmission methods can still be crucial in survival situations.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What are the early signs of erysipelas?
Early signs include a chill followed by fever up to 104°F, with redness spreading from the nose upward and laterally over the head.
Q: How long does pertussis typically last?
Pertussis usually lasts about three months, progressing through catarrhal, paroxysmal, and decline stages.
Q: What is a common complication of pertussis?
Bronchopneumonia is the most frequent and fatal complication of pertussis, causing two-thirds of deaths in severe cases.