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ANNALS OF BOTANY VOL. XI Oxford PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS BY HORACE MART, M.A. PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY } ) ¢ ? " “4 ANNALS OF BOTANY EDITED BY ISAAC BAYLEY BALFOUR, M.A, M_D., F.R.S. QUEEN'S BOTANIST [IN SCOTLAND, PROFESSOR OF BOTANY IN THE UNIVERSITY AND KEEPER OF THE ROTAL BOTANIC GARDEN, EDINBURGH SYDNEY HOWARD VINES, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S. FELLOW OF MACDALEN COLLEGE, AND SHERARDIAN PROFESSOR OF BOTANY [iN TRE UMIVERSITY OF OXFORD D. H. SCOTT, M.A., PH.D., F.RS. WOMORARY KEEFER OF THE JOORELL LABORATORY, ROVAL GARDENS, KEW AND WILLIAM GILSON FARLOW, M.D. PROTERIOS OF CRVPFPTOGANK BOTANY IN HARVARD UNIVERSITY, CAMBRIDGE, MAS6., U.S.A. ASSISTEP BY OTHER BOTANISTS VOLUME XI Rondon HENRY FROWDE, M.A. AMEN CORNER, E.C. OXFORD CLARENDON PRESS DEPOSITORY, 116 HIGH STREET 18g 7 LIBRARY OF THE LELAND ST... _ MIVERSITY. OO. 369785 | ERRATUM. Page 176, fourth line from bottom: for ‘ Lygudesmus’ read ‘ Zygodesmus. CONTENTS. No. XLI, March, 1897. vAGE BRANNON, M. A.—The Structure and Development of Grinnellia americana, Harv. (With Plates I-IV). . I RICHARDS, H. M.—The Evolution of Heat by Wounded Plants, (With Woodcuts 1 and 2) ° ‘ 29 SEWARD, A. C.—A Contribution to our Knowledge of Lyginodendron. (With Plates V and VI) . 65 Manus, P.—On some Species of the Genus Urophlyctis. (With Plates Viland VIID .. 87 CuopaT, R.—On the Polymorphism of the Green Algae and the Principles of their Evolution . . 97 HARVEY GIBsoN, R. J.—Contributions towards a Knowledge of the Anatomy of the Genus Selaginella: Part III, The Leaf. (with Plate IX) . . . ‘ ; 123 NOTES. Lana, W. H.—Preliminary Statement on the Development of Sporangia upon Fern Prothalli 1§7 ScoTT, D. H.—On Cheirostrobus, a New Type ‘of F ossil Cone from the Calciferous Sandstones_ . - 168 THISTELTON-DYER, W, T.—Note on the Discovery of Mycorhiza - 178 No. XLII, June, 1897. CLIFFORD, J. B.—Notes on some Physiological Properties of a Myxo* mycete Plasmodium. (With Woodcuts 3, 4,5) . ° 179 SARGANT, E,.—The Formation of the Sexual Nuclei in Lilium Martagon: II, Spermatogenesis. (With Plates X and XI) . . 187 MASSEE, G.—A Monograph of the Geoglossene. (With Plates XI and XIII) . . 225 GWYNNE-VAUGHAN, D. T. —On Polystely in “the Genus Primula. (With Plate XIV) . . 307 ScoTtT, D. H.—On two new instances of Spinous Roots. (With Plates XV and XVI) . . . . . . . » 3237 NOTES. Etiis, W. G. P.—Fungi for Class-Demonstration . . . - 333 BIFFEN, R. H.—The Functions of Latex. . . . . . 334 a 3 vi Contents. PAGE Warp, FI. M. OnPeziza Aurantia 2... ww wee 8B On the Ginger-Beer Plant . : . - 341 IKENO, S. and HIRASE, S.—Spermatozoids in Gymnosperms . - 344 No. XLIII, September, 1897. PHILLIPS, R. W.—On the Development of the Cystocarp in Rhody- theniales. (With Plates XVII and XVIII) . . 347 Hom, T.—Obolaria virginica, L.: A Morphological and Anatomical Study. (With Plate XIX and Woodcut 6) . . 369 GrRooM, P.—On the Leaves of Lathraea Squamaria and of some allied Scrophulariaceae. (With Woodcut 7) . . 385 Scott, D. H.—The Anatomical Characters presented by the Peduncle of Cycadaceae. (With Plates XX and XX1T) - 399 Lanc, W. H.—Studies in the Development and Morphology of Cyca- dean Sporangia : I, The Microsporangia of Stangeria paradoxa. (With PlateXXIT) .. : . 421 Ewart, A. J.—The Effects of Tropical Insolation ; . ; - 439 NOTES. JEFFREY, E. C.—The Gametophyte of Botrychium virginianum . - 481 Ewart, A. J. Bacteria * with Assimilatory Pigment found in the Tropics . 486 BoweER, F. O.—Stuadies in the Morphology of Spore-producing Members: Part III, Marattiaceae . : . 488 No. XLIV, December, 1897. ARTHUR, J. C.—The Movement of Protoplasm in Coenocytic Hyphae. (With Woodcuts 8, 9, 10, 11) . 49! TOWNSEND, C. O.—The Correlation of Growth under the Influence of Injuries . 509 FARMER, J. B.—On the Structure of a Hybrid Fern, (With Plates XXIII and XXIV) : : . - §33 WILLIAMS, J. L.—The Antherozoids of Dictyota and “Taonia. (With Plate XXV) . ° . ° - 545 GREEN, J. R.—The supposed Alcoholic Enzyme in Yeast . . - 555 Vines, S. H.—The Proteolytic Enzyme of Nepenthes . . . §63 NOTES. Ewart, A. J.—The Effects of Tropical Insolation 1. «© . = . 5888 Dixon, H. H. The Tensile Strength of Cell-walls .. oe . 585 The Structure of Codium. (With Woodcut 1a). . 588 Scott, D. H.—On Spencerites, a new Genus of Tycopodiaceous Cones from the Coal-measures . . . . . - §9g° CONTENTS AND INDEX . ‘ ‘ ‘ . . i-viii THISELTON-DYER, W. T.—Biographical Sketch of M. . Berkeley. (With Portrait). . . . . ix INDEX. A. ORIGINAL PAPERS AND NOTES. PAGE ARTHUR, J. C.—The Movement of Protoplasm in n Coenocytic Hyphae. (With Woodcuts 8,9, 10, 11). 49! BIFFEN, R. H.—The Functions of Latex . 334 BowER, F. O.—Studies in the Morphology of Spore-producing Mem- bers: Part III, Marattiaceae . 488 BRANNON, M. A.—The Structure and Development of Grinnellia americana, Harv. (With Plates I-IV) . I CHODAT, R.—On the Polymorphism of the Green Algae and the 'Principles of their Evolution . 97 CLIFFORD, J. B.—Notes on some Physiological Properties ofa Myxo- mycete Plasmodium. (With Woodcuts 3, 4,5) . . - 99 Dixon, H. H. The Tensile Strength of Cell-walls . . - 585 The Structure of Codium. (With Woodcut 12). . . - 588 Exits, W. G. P.—Fungi for Class-Demonstration _. : : - 333 Ewart, A. J. Bacteria with Assimilatory Pigments found i in the Tropics - . 486 The Effects of Tropical Insolation . . > 439 The Effects of Tropical Insolation . 585 FARMER, J. B.—On the Structure of a Hybrid Fern. With | Plates XXIII and XXIV). . 533 GREEN, J. R.—The supposed Alcoholic Enzyme i in Yeast . 855 Groom, P.—On the Leaves of Lathraea Squamaria and of some ‘allied Scrophulariaceae. (With Woodcut 7) . 385 GWYNNE-VAUGHAN, D. T.—On Polystely in the Genus Primula. (With Plate XIV) . 307 HARVEY Grsson, R. J.—Contributions towards a Knowledge of the Anatomy of the Genus Selaginella: Part III, The Leaf. (With Plate IX) . 123 Howtm, T.—Obolaria virginica, L.: A Morphological ‘and Anatomical Study. (With Plate XIX and Woodcut 6) . 369 IKENO, S. and HIRASE, S.—Spermatozoids in Gymnosperms ° . JEFFREY, E. C.—The Gametophyte of Botrychium virginianum . . 344 LANG, W. H. Preliminary Statement on the Development of Sporangia upon Fem Prothalli - 587 Studies in the Development and Morphology of Cycadean ia: I, The Microsporangia of Stangeria paradoxa. ( XXID . 421 MAGNUS, P. —On some » Species of the Genus. Urophlycts. (With Plates Viland VIII). - « Vill Index. PAGE MASSEE, ooh Monograph of the Geoglosseae. (With Plates XII XIII). . 225 PuILLIPs, } 7 W.—On the Development of the C stocarp in Rhody- meniales, (With Plates XVII and XVIIh 347 RICHARDS, H. M.—The Evolution of Heat by Wounded Plants. (With Woodcuts 1 and 2) . a9 SARGANT, E.—The Formation of the Sexual Nuclei in Lilium Martagon: : I, Spermatogenesis. (With Plates X and XI) . - - 187 Scott, D. H. On Cheirostrobus, a New Type of Fossil Cone from the Calciferous Sandstones . 168 On two new instances of ‘Spinous Roots. (With Plates XV and XVI) . . 327 The Anatomical Characters presented b the Peduncle of Cyca- daceae. (With Plates XX and XXI) 399 On Spencerites, a new Genus of Lycopodiaceous ‘Cones from the oal-measures 590 SEWARD, A. C.—A Contribution to our Knowledge of Lyginodendron (With Plates V and VI) . 65 THISELTON-DYER, W. T.—Note on the Discovery of “Mycorhiza . 78 Biographical Sketch of M. J. Berkeley. (With Portrait) . ix TOWNSEND, C. O.—The Correlation of Growth under the Influence of Injuries . 509 VINES, S. H.—The Proteolytic Enzyme of Nepenthes . 563 WARD, H. M. On Peziza Aurantia -. - 339 On the Ginger-Beer Plant . . . 34! WILLIAMS, J. L.—The Antherozoids of Dietyota and Taonia. (With Plate XXV). . . . - 545 B. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. @. PLATES. I, I, II, Iv. V Portrait of M. J. Berkeley (Frontispiece). Structure and Development of Grinnellia americana (BRANNON). , VI. Tyginodendron (SEWARD). VII, VIII. Urophlyctis (MAGNUs). IX. The Leaf of Selaginella (HARVEY GIBSON). X, XI. Spermatogenesis of Lilium Martagon (SARGANT). XII, XIII. Monograph of the Geoglosseae (MASSEE). XIV. Polystely in the Genus Primula (GWYNNE- VAUGHAN). XV, XVI. Spinous Roots (ScorT). XVII, XVIII. Development of Cystocarp in Rhodymeniales (PHILLIPs). XIX. Obolaria virginica (HOLM). XX, XXI. Peduncle of Cycadaceae (Scott). XXII. Microsporangia of Stangeria paradoxa (LANG). XXIII, XXIV. Structure of Hybrid Fern (FARMER). XXV. Antherozoids of Dictyota and Taonia (WILLIAMS). 6. Woopcurts. I, 2. Evolution of Heat by Wounded Plants (RICHARDS). 3) 41 5. Physiological Properties of a Myxomycete Plasmodium (CLIFFORD). 6. Obolaria virginica (HOLM). - Leaves of Lathraea Syuamaria and other Scrophulariaceae (GROOM). 8, 9, 10,11. Movement of Protoplasm in Coenocytic Hyphae (ARTHUR). 12. Structure of Codium (D1xon). MILES JOSEPH BERKELEY. BORN 1803. DIED 188g. (With Portrait). THE task is never an easy one for those of one generation in science to express in a few words the precise nature of the debt which they owe to their predecessors. The effect of personal influence is always somewhat intangible and neces- sarily fades with time. The final verdict of the scientific historian cannot be reached except in a more remote per- spective. Perhaps in detail it never can be reached satis- factorily at all, owing to the difficulty of interpreting rightly the ideas of one period in terms of those of another. In the case of Berkeley the task seems tolerably clear. In the first place he was the virtual founder of British Mycology. His labours in this field began in 1836, when he undertook for Sir William Hooker the description of the British species for that author’s British Flora. He became from this time the leading authority in M ycology, at least as far as the British Empire was concerned. He is believed to have published in all descriptions of some 6,000 species, and this enormous labour he accomplished with a skill and precision which leaves little room for doubt as to its durability. Ten years later his long study of Mycology led him by a transition—less obvious then, but which seems natural to us now—to the study of the pathology of plants. He was the first, perhaps, to treat the subject in a systematic manner, and x Miles Foseph Berkeley. though the long series of papers which he devoted to it remain buried in the periodicals in which they appeared, they did their work in establishing once for all its treatment on a scientific basis. His memoir on the Potato-Murrain, published in 1846, would even half a century later be thought a model for similar researches, and has not been added to in any material particular. Another decade, and in 1857 he published his Introduction to Cryptogamic Botany, a memorable book which may still be consulted with advantage and always with pleasure. At the time and for long after it played somewhat the part filled in later years by Sachs’ Lehrbuch. It was the first com- prehensive treatise of the kind in any language. While summing up the striking results of foreign research, it was no mere compilation but everywhere drew materials from personal observation. The facts it contains still reveal them- selves from time to time with unexpected freshness. One of the most striking instances is the account of the curious organism £mericella, in which Berkeley came very near to an anticipation of Schwendener’s hypothesis of the nature of Lichens. The great merit of all his work is the true biological spirit with which it was pervaded. Perhaps Mycology in this respect has the advantage over other branches of taxonomy in that, for the most part, it requires its material to be dealt with in the living state. The facts of personal history required to complete this brief appreciation are few. A man of good family, he was educated at Rugby and at Christ’s College, Cambridge. As was the case with Darwin, he derived his scientific impulse in great measure from Henslow. The first objects of his study were Mollusca, and he always preserved the spirit of the naturalist. He became a clerk in holy orders in 1827, but Miles Foseph Berkeley. xi never enjoyed any considerable preferment. Though his life was one of indefatigable labour, he was at no time rewarded by more than a moderate competence. His appearance till within a few years of his death, when overtaken by infirmity, was one of splendid distinction. To this the portrait now given scarcely does justice: but it is unfortunately the only one which is available. W. T. THISELTON-DYER.