Part 1
ANNALS OF BOTANY VOL. VI Orford PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS BY HORACE HART, PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY ANNALS OF BOTANY EDITED BY ISAAC BAYLEY BALFOUR, M.A,, M.D., F.R.S. QUEEN'S BOTANIST IN SCOTLAND, PROFESSOR OF BOTANY IN THE UNIVERSITY AND KEEPER OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, EDINBURGH SYDNEY HOWARD VINES, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S. FELLOW OF MAGDALEN COLLEGE, AND SHERARDIAN PROFESSOR OF BOTANY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD W. T. THISELTON-DYER, C.M.G., M.A., F.R.S. DIRECTOR OF THE ROYAL GARDENS, KEW AND WILLIAM GILSON FARLOW, M.D. PROFESSOR OF CRYPTOGAMIC BOTANY IN HARVARD UNIVERSITY, CAMBRIDGE, MASS., U.S.A. ASSISTED BY OTHER BOTANISTS VOLUME VI With XXIV Plates, in part coloured, and 16 Woodcuts Bondon HENRY FROWDE, AMEN CORNER, E.C. OXFORD: CLARENDON PRESS DEPOSITORY, 116 HIGH STREET 1892 CONTENTS. No. XXI. SETCHELL, W. A.—Apn Examination of the Species of the Genus Doassansia, Cornu. (With Plates I and II). . CAMPBELL, D. H.—On the Prothallium and Embryo of Osmunda claytoniana, L., and O. cinnamomea, L. (With Plates III, IV, V, and V1) BAKER, J. G.—On the Vascular Cryptogamia of the Island of Grenada WARD, H. MARSHALL.—On the Characters, or Marks, employed for classifying the Schizomycetes . , NOTES. HEMSLEY, W. B.—On Melananthus . . WAGER, H.—On the Nuclei of the Hymenomycetes . BoRNET, E.—Note sur |’Ectocarpus fenestratus. (With Woodcut 1). BENNETT, A. W.—Algological Notes: No. 3. Spore-like Bodies in Closterium. (With Woodcut 2) No. 4. Non-sexual Propagation and Septation of Vaucheria . HEMSLEY, W. B.—On Trematocarpus . . No. XXII. BARBER, C. A.—On the Nature and Development of Corky Ex- crescences on Stems of Zanthoxylum. (With Plates VIT and T) SCHUNCK, E., and BREBNER, G. —On the Action of Aniline on Green Leaves and other Parts of Plants. (With Plate IX) BATTERS, E. A. L.—On Schmitziella; a new Genus of Endophytic Algae, belonging to the order Corallinaceae. (With Plate X) GREEN, J. R.—On the Occurrence of Vegetable Trypsin in the fruit of Cucumis utilissimus, Roxb. . . . HEMSLEY, W. B.—Chelonespermum and Cassidispermum, pro} sed New Genera of Sapotaceae. (With Plates XI, XII, XIII, and XIV) NOTES. FARMER, J. B.—On Abnormal Flowers in Oncidium splendidum. (With Woodcuts 3 and 4). . , —On the Occurrence of two Prothallia i in an Ovale of Pinus silvestris. (With Woodcuts) Pratn, D.—On the Synonymy of Anthocoma flavescens, Zoll. PAGE 49 95 103 145 146 148 150 152 154 155 167 185 195 203 aqI 213 214 v1 Contents. NOTICE OF BOOK. Oeber den Bau und die Verrichtungen der Lertungsbalnen § in den Pflanzen, von E. Strasburger . No. XXIII. SCHUNCK, E.—The Chemistry of Chlorophyll, IT DARWIN, F., and PERTZ, DOROTHEA F. M.—On the Artificial Pro- duction of Rhythm in Plants, (With six Woodcuts) FARMER, J. B-—On the Embryogeny of Angiopteris evecta, Hofim. (With Plate XV) . Ewart, M. F.—On the Staminal Hairs of Thesium. (With Plate XVI) . STaPF, O.—On the Sonerileae of Asia. (With Map, Plate XVII) RO.tFE, R. A.—On Habenari-orchis viridi-maculata, Rolfe, hyb. nat. (With Plate XVIII) . . No. XXIV. BARBER, C. A. > Nematophycus Storriei, nov. $P- (With Plates XIX and XX) Davis, B. M —Development of the Frond of Champia pervala, Harv. from the Carpospore. (With Plate XXI)_ . . GOEBEL, K.—On the Simplest Form of Moss. (With Plate XXII) JOHNSON, T.—Stenogramme interrupta, CC. Ag.) Montg. (With Plate XXIII) HEMSLEY, W. B.—A Drift-seed (lpomoea tuberoea, L. “). (With Plate XXIV). NOTES. ERRERA, L.—On the Cause of Physiological Action at a Distance Groom, PErcY.—Botanical Notes: No. 1. On the Thorns of Randia dumetorum, Lam. (With four Woodcuts). No. 2. On a monstrous Flower of Nelumbium speciosum, Wild. . No. 3. On the Embryo of Petrosavia. (With Woodcut) WILLIS, J. C.—The Distribution of the Seed in Claytonia. (With Woodcut) . PAGE ay 231 345 265 271 291 325 329 339 355 361 369 373 375 380 382 INDEX. PAGE A. ORIGINAL PAPERS AND NOTES. Baker, J. G.—On the Vascular Cryptogamia of the Island of Grenada 95 BARBER, C. A. On the Nature and development of the Corky Excrescences on Stems of Zanthoxylum. (With Plates VII and VIII) . =. 155 Nematophycus Storriei, nev. sp. (With Plates XIXand XX) . 329 BaTrers, E. A. L.—On Schmitziella ; a new Genus of Endophytic Algae belonging to the order Corallinaceae. (With Plate X) 185 BENNETT, A. W -—Algological Notes; Nos. 3 and + (With Wood: cut 3) . . 150 BorneEt, E.—Note sur YEctocarpus fenestratus. "(With Woodcnt 1). 148 BREBNER, G.— See Schunck. CAMPBELL, D: H.—On the Prothalliam and Embryo of Osmunda claytoniana, L., and O. cinnamomea, L. (With Plates III, IV, V, and VI) . . 49 DARWIN, F., and PERTZ, DoroTHEA F, M.—On the Artificial Pro- ‘duction of Rhythm in Plants. (With Woodcuts 6-11). ~ 245 Davis, B. M.—Development of the Frond of Champla parvala, Harv. from the Carpospore. (With Plate XXI) - 339 ERRERA, L.—On the Cause of Physiological Action at a Distance - 373 Ewart, M. F.—On the Staminate Hairs of Thesium. (With Plate XVI . . . . . . . . . . . 271 FARMER, J. B. On Abnormal Flowers in Oncidium splendidum. (With Wood- cuts 3 and 4) . 211 On the Occurrence of two Prothallia i in an Ovule of Pinus silvestris. (With Woodcut 5) . 213 On the, y mervogeny of of Angiopteris evecta, ‘Hoffm. (With Plate 5 205 GOEBEL, K.—On the Simplest Fi orm of Moss. (With Plate XXII) - 355 GREEN, J. R.—On the Occurrence of Vegetable Trypsin in the fruit of Cucumis utilissimus, Roxb. . 195 GrRooM, PERCY.—Botanical Notes. (With Woodeats 13-1 5) . - 375 HEMSLEY, W. B. On Melananthus. , - , . rae 7.) On Trematocarpus. . . . . . . 154 Chelonespermum and Cassidispermum, pro New Genera of Sapotaceae. (With Plates XI, XII, XIII, and XIV) . - 203 A Drift-seed (Ipomoea tuberosa, L.). (With Plate XXIV) . - 369 JOHNSON, T.—Stenogramme interrapta, ( (C, Ag.) Montg. (With Plate XXIII . . 361 PERTZ, DOROTHEA F. M. —See Darwin. Vill Index. PAGE Pra1iNn, D.—On the Synonymy of Anthocoma flavescens, Zoll. . a14 RouFeg, R. A.—On Habenari-orchis viridi-maculata, Rolfe, hyb. nat. (With Plate XVIII). . 335 SCHUNCK, E.—The Chemistry of Chlorophyll, 11. 23! SCHUNCK, E., and BREBNER, G.—On the Action of Aniline on Green Leaves and other Parts of Plants. (With Plate IX) 167 SETCHELL, W. A.—An Examination of the Species of the Genus Doassansia, Cornu. (With PlatesI and II)... . . I STAPF, O.—On the Sonerileae of Asia. (With Map, Plate XVII) ag! Wacegr, H.—On the Nuclei of the Hymenomycetes . 146 WarD, H. MARSHALL.—On the Characters, or Marks, employed for classifying the Schizomycetes . 103 WILLIs, J. C.—The Distribution of the Seed | in Claytonia (With Woodcut) . . 382 B. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. a. PLATES. I, 1]. On Doassansia (SETCHELL). III, IV, V, VI. VII, VIII. IX. xX. XI, XH, XII, XIV. XV. XVI. XVII. XVIII. XIX, XX. XXL XXII. XXIII. XXIV. 6. WoopcuTs. On the Prothallium and Embryo of Osmunda (CaAmp- BELL). On Zanthoxylum (BARBER). On Action of Aniline on Green Leaves (SCHUNCK and BREBNER). On Schmitziella (BATTERS). Chelonespermum and Cassidispermum (HEMSLEY). On the Embryogeny of Angiopteris evecta, Hoffm. (FARMER). On the Staminal Hairs of Thesium (EWART). On the Sonerileae of Asia (STAPF). On Habenari-orchis viridi-maculata (ROLFE). Nematophycus Storriei (BARBER). Development of the Frond of Champia parvula (Davis). On the Simplest Form of Moss (GOEBEL). Stenogramme interrupta (JOHNSON). A Drift-seed (Ipomoea tuberosa, L.) (HEMSLEY). 1. Ectocarpus fenestratus (BORNET) . 148 a. Algological Notes (BENNETT) . 151 3,4- Abnormal Flowers in Oncidium splendidum F ARMER) . aus 5. Ovule of Pinus silvestris (FARMER) . 213 6-13. Artificial Rhythm in Plants (DARWIN and Peat?) 154- 358 12-15. Botanical Notes (GROOM) 378-377 16. Distribution of Seed in Claytonia (Wiis) 382 C. BOOK NOTICED. Ueber den Bau und die Vervichtungen der Lettungstahnen § bn den Pflanzen, von E, Strasburger . , 317 An Examination of the Species of the genus Doassansia, Cornu, BY WILLIAM ALBERT SETCHELL!?. ——~@-—=e With Plates I and 1. a> P to the present time there have been twelve species of Doassansta described. The genus was founded by Cornu in 1883 (Ann. Sci. Nat., sér. 6, T. 15, p. 285), to receive the Perisporium alismatis of the Systema Mycologica of Fries (vol. iii, p. 252). Cornu found abundance of this species in the neighbourhood of Paris, and was able, by a careful study of its development, to establish it firmly among the Ustilagineae in close proximity to the genus Extyloma. He says, that the spores of this form on A/isma resemble closely those of Enty- Joma both in their structure and in their method of germi- nating, but are collected and compacted into bundles or ‘sori,’ which are enclosed by a coat or ‘cortex’ of sterile cells. It is this cortex of the sorus which Cornu considers to be cha- racteristic of the genus, and he has been followed by later writers in so considering it. D. alismatis, which must be looked upon as the typical species, possesses a very distinct and well- developed cortex. In the same paper Cornu describes a second species, sent by Farlow from North America, which causes marked distortions of the ovaries of species of Potamogeton. He states that this * Contributions from the Cryptogamic Laboratory of Harvard University, No. XVIII. Prepared under the direction of Prof. W. G. Farlow. (Annals of Botany, Vol. VI. No. XXI. April, 1899.) B 2 Setchell—_An Examination of the Spectes species agrees so well in its essential characteristics with D. alismatis, that he was encouraged to propose the new genus for their reception. He named this species D. Farlow, but notes at the end that De Bary considered it identical with the Sclerotium occultum, Hoffm. (Ic. Anal. Fung., p. 67, Taf. 16, Fig. 3). Farlow, also, has published notes on this species (Bot. Gaz., vol. viii, pp. 276 and 318; Trans. Ottawa Field Nat. Club, vol. ii, p. 127), and has described a new species from the White Mountains of New Hampshire, on Epilobium alpinum (Bot. Gaz., vol. viii, p. 277; Appalachia, vol. iii, p.239). Fisch gave a detailed account of the structure and development of Protomyces sagittariae, Fuck. in 1884 (Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Gesell., Bd. II, p. 405), and demonstrated that it is very nearly related to D. altsmatis. Since then a number of old species have been referred to the genus, and several new ones described. Schroeter, in 1887 (Pilzfl. Schles., pp. 286, 287), added three species from the old genus Protomyces. Winter, in 1885 (Journ. Myc., vol. i, p. 102), described a new species from the United States, and in 1886 (Rev. Myc., vol. viii, p. 207) another new one from Australia. De Toni revised the genus in 1888 (Journ. Myc. vol. iv, p. 13), and brought in two additional species. The last addition is a species from Portugal (D. lythropsidis, Lag.). These several species differ from one another, according to Schroeter (I. c., p. 286) and De Toni (l.c., p. 13), chiefly in the character of the host. The writer has been able to examine nine species in greater or less detail, and has designed to study the structural details, and where possible the development, in order to determine more accurately, if possible, the relations of these species both to each other and to the species of nearly related genera. He has also been able to study the two species described by Cornu, viz. D. alismatis and D. occulta, from living material. In the search for members of this genus four new species have been discovered, and Prof. Burrill has kindly sent a fifth. These new forms add many interesting facts to those afforded by the old ones. of the Genus Doassansia, Cornu. 3 I wish here to express my indebtedness to my instructor, Prof. W. G. Farlow of Harvard University, for access to the literature bearing on the subject, as well as for assistance at every point. . Doassansia alismatis (Ves), Cornu. This is the species which Cornu studied in detail, and which must be considered as the type of the genus. The structure of the sorus of D. al:smatis is very distinct, and, as a result of the study of it in connection with the other forms referred to Doassansta, it has become necessary to separate them into several groups. D. alismatis is found in the leaves of Alisma natans and A. Plantago in Europe, Asia, and America. Harkness (Proc. Cal. Acad., ser. 2, vol. ii) has mentioned it as occurring upon Echs- nodorus rostratus. Kellerman (Trans. Kans. Acad., vol. ix and vol. x) and Galloway (Bull. Agr. Bot. Dept., viii) give Sagzt- taria variabilis as a host. These references refer to other species than D. alismatis ; the last two to D. sagittariae, while the first is an undescribed species of Ety/oma with a compact sorus, related to D. decipiens (cf. p. 42). The first indication of the presence of D. alismatis is the appearance of a small circular spot, of a pale yellowish green, on the upper surface of the leaf. This spot increases in size and soon becomes lead-coloured on account of the developing sori which begin to form at the centre, and extend toward the periphery of the spot. At this stage, the spot is about a centi- meter in diameter. As it grows larger, the edges become wavy and irregular, the interior becomes more yellow and brownish- yellow as the exhausted tissues of the leaf collapse, and finally the brown and dead centre crumbles away and leaves a hole in the leaf surrounded by a discoloured border, at the periphery of which the formation of new sori may still be proceeding. The sori are not confined exclusively to these spots, but often occur singly in gther portions of the leaf remote from any spot. The leaf of A/tsma Plantago shows in cross-section a single layer of palisade-parenchyma, the walls of whose cells touch B 2 4 Setchell—_An Examination of the Species one another only at the places where the pits are situated, thus leaving a vast network of small connected intercellular spaces throughout this layer, in direct communication with the series of spaces in the layers of spongy parenchyma below. The mycelium of the fungus is found traversing these spaces in all parts of the leaf, but is especially abundant in the regions where the spots occur. The mycelium is composed of slender hyphae, 2 » to 3 » thick, branched at short intervals, and septate. The septa are not readily seen until the contents are removed by some clearing reagent (Fig. 70). The hyphae are full of very small oil-globules. They apply themselves closely to the cells along their course, but a careful search failed to detect haustoria of any kind. The sori are situated in both layers of the leaf, but occur most frequently in the palisade-layer. They occupy the large dome-shaped cavities in this layer just under the stomata (Fig. 68). They are nearly globose as a usual thing, vary from 120 p» to 180 p in diameter, and are of a light brown colour. The spores are rather loosely packed together, glo- bose, ellipsoidal, or somewhat polyhedral in shape, and possess rather thick, very light-coloured walls. They are from 8 » to 10 » in diameter, and their light, shining, granular contents include from one to four or five large drops of oil. The cortical layer is readily seen even with a simple lens. It is composed of radially elongated cells which measure 12 » to 20 wp by 4p to 10. They are comparatively uniform in shape and size, forming a contrast to the two following species in this respect. They are light brown and destitute of solid contents (Fig. 69). The development of the sorus, as far as it has been studied, seems to agree in its details with that of D. sagtttariae as described by Fisch (Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Gesell., Bd. II, p. 412). The hyphae collect in a loose strand in the air-space beneath a stoma, and, by means of numerous interlacing short branches, are soon formed into an irregular bunch nearly filling the cavity. The cells of the hyphae of the interior of the bunch now be- come swollen, filling out the spaces between the strands and causing the bunch to increase in diameter. A cross-section