PART II. BR YOPHYTA THALLOPHYTA MACMILLAN AND CO. AND NEW YORK 1887 Tlie Right of Translation and Reproduction is Reserved O
RICHARD CLAY AND SONS, LONDON AND BUNGAY.
13 CS" V, Z PREFACE. IN the preface to the Course of Practical Instruction in Botany, Part I., which was published in 1885, Mr. Dyer intimated that it was intended that a second part, comprising instructions for the practical treatment of types of organisms lower in the scale of vegetation, should follow the publication of Part I. After a delay of over two years, which has however been unavoidable, this second part is now completed, and may, together with the first part, serve to indicate to students the lines on which the study of the vegetable kingdom may be approached through the detailed observation of a few selected types. Here, as in Part I., the selection of the types has been influenced, partly by the commonness and easilyrecognised characteristics of the plants chosen, partly by their special adaptation to serve as typical representatives of the groups to which they belong ; and it is M343841
VI
PREFACE.
hoped that the brief general description prefixed to the study of each type will suffice for the identification of the plant named, even by those students who work without the assistance of a qualified teacher. I am myself responsible for the whole of this second part ; but I wish to acknowledge help from many friends, and specially the constant assistance and criticism of Dr. Vines, who has revised all the proofs. Also I have received suggestions from Dr. Scott in connexion with the chapters on the Seaweeds, and from Professor H. Marshall Ward, who has kindly revised the chapters on the Fungi. F. O. BOWER.
GLASGOW, June, 1887.
CONTENTS.
PRACTICAL DIRECTIONS FOR THE STUDY OF THE SELECTED TYPES.
BRYOPHYTA.
A. MUSCI.
PAGE
POLYTRICHUM COMMUNE ............ 1
SPHAGNUM .................. 16
B. HEPATITE. MARCHANTIA POLYMORPHA ........... 19
THALLOPHYTA
FLORIDE.E. POLYSIPHONIA FASTIGIATA ........... 35 PH^EOPHYCE^l. FUCUS SERRATUS ................ 47 LAMINARIA DIGITATA .............. 62
COLEOCH^TE SCUTATA ............. 65 (EDOGONIUM .................. 67 ULOTHRIX ZONATA ............... 70
SIPHONED. VAUCHERIA SESSILIS .............. 74
VOLVOCINE.E. VOLVOX GLOBATOR ............... 82
PLEUROCOCCUS VULGARIS
84
HYDRODICTYON UTRICULATUM
85
viii
CONTENTS.
CONJUGATE. SPIROGYRA DESMIDIE^ DIATOMACEJE CYANOPHYCEJ;. NOSTOC OSCILLATOEIA GLGBOCAPSA .
THALLOPHYTA FUNGI, BASIDIOMYCETES. AGARICTJS CAMPESTRIS .ECIDIOMYCETES. PUCCINIA GRAMINIS ASCOMYCETES. A. DISCOMYCETES. PEZIZA B. LICHENS. PARMELIA PARIETINA C. PYRENOMYCETES. CLAVICEPS PTJRPUREA D. CLEISTOCARPOUS ASCOMYCETES. EUROTIUM ASPERGILLTIS GLAUCTJS PERONOSPOREJ1. PYTHIUM DE BARYANUM CYSTOPUS CANDIDUS MUCORINE.E. MTJCOR MUCEDO SPORODINIA GRANDIS .
PAGE 87 91 93 95 96 96
97 105
113
115 :
.
.
.
.
123
126
133 137
139 142
PEAOTICAL BOTANY.