Section II. ORGANIZATION. (Part 2)

in their ajnngemcnt ; and thni they are intimately united n'ilh each other. 1 ain inclined to odopt the former theory ; hecau&e it ia probable that the grey substance performs hi>r«, os it does in the other pnrU of the system, a more iraportiuit office than tiimply connecting tuguthcr Iht) white titires ; aud alM>, bcc4tu»e the character of the nerves issuing from the ganglion*, is different from that of the nen-e& which enter. The arteries of the ganglionic syatem, which are numerous, rtuiii^ on tlie mcmbraaotu envelope, and aiterwartk pnactnitc into the pulpy and fibrous tubBlAo* ces, where, after freely ramifying, they terminate, "nic veins correspond in their number and dixpositloD with the arteries. The lymphatic vessels cannot be duilij)> gutshed in the ganglions. ORIOIN or OHBAT SYMPATHETIC. B23 9111 JBtrfto xH Vi Mrt'tTi.?r - (t , ,„ ^, ,, •di tiMll''W inufii^ut Suction li. lllffi ^'' ^"^ GREAT SYMPATHETIC NBKVE. -HK^j^ nene, which is cnlled fcy WHiiiy atrthors the m- Vwlrbiiii/ at triaplanchnie, is composed of the oompound ganglions described m the preceding pngcs, and of ''various fflaments extended l)etween them in swch a man- "ftei-, as to produce a continuous cord, which reaches from the head to the termination of the vertehral ^column. 'Hli? uninterrupted cours* of this ganglionic ''cl>rd, has caused the lUHJority of iinatomhts to regard "It in the same light with the other nerves of the body; "ha'ing like them, an origin in its cephalic, and a tomri- nation in'ftfc'pelvic extremity. Wc are indebted to "M. I-e Gnllois and Dr. Philip, for irt'ore correct information upon this subject. These 'lihysiologists place the origin of the great sympathetic ^TO the spinal cord, from every part of ■which it receives ^comniHhicaling brunches.* The ganglionic syjitem is also intimately connected with the hmin by means of Several filaments which pass from the sympathetic to the ''cJranial nen-es. The parvagum is the principal mediiun by which this communication is established, in conse- "ijuence of its frccjuent union with the sympathetic in the necV, in the cheat, and especially in the abdomen. it may be advi^ible to notice, that the unions of the first cervical ganglion with the spheno-palatinc ganglion, by meaos 0^ the vidian uer-c, and with the sixth pair, by * Lc Galloit nir t« Phncipt dc la V'v, p. I.W. rtiilip, L c chip. S, p. 1S9. it i* nccaary to ate, Uwi Hat s><>gl>al tj-tiain Iwt been LoowQ tv fXHt without llic iiMiwI conl or tiraia, in ocrphalow moiuten. jal m IRRBOULABITT OF 6VUFAT11BTIC MBRVB. the branches which ascend into the cavernous sinus, have • often been erroneously considered as the origin of the great s^pathetic nerve. , , The irregularity in what is colled the trunk of the sympathetic and in its branches, is very great, and wa<) particularly noticed by Bichat. The filament whichl forms the connexion between the dilTerent nodules, til, occasionally deficient, and in this manner causes an iitJ terruption in the nerve, but without affecting its func^ tions. In some instances one or more of the ganglia are absent, while at other timcK their number exceeds the ordinary average. The branches present many Ve- nations from the usual arrangement, in their origin aa^ distribution, which are thus strongly contrasted witlilfaifl regularity and symmetrj' of the ccrcbro-spioal KytiUrai>t The ganglionic nerves are diatinguished iVt>m tliose of the spinal cord, by their redder colour, and by their pulpy structure. According to Scarpa, they may b« divided into filaments ; but I agree with Beckinl,' in thinking that it is impossible to trace these threads, par- ticularly in the ne^^•es of the solar plexus. The neun- Icma is thin, and so intimately united with tite ncrfoai pulp, that it is distinguished with difficulty. The distribution of the ganglionic system of nuni-es ib very extensive ; indeed, according to I)r. I'hilip.itisequal to that of the cerebro-spinal nerves. TTie branches of iht sympathetic supply the oi^ans of digestion, of circula- tion, and secretion, and in part those of respiration ; tbc principal organs of generation also receiw their nervcti from the same source. A few branches fi-om the «ym». pathetic are furniKhed to the muscles of the neck, thorax, and ab<lomen. K .f/X.' iruNCTIONS OF CANOLION!!. mU to Lif^ntt MJ] cj}Sbotion III. FUNCTIONS OF THB OANULlONlC SYSTEM.* trti t. •<i-,Thbbb is no part of physiology wbich is more obscure than that wliic-h relates to the uses of the great sympo-, thclic. Tbf d«fit:itucy of ull positive iufonnution on this subject, has given risa to u great number of theories, which have from dnw U> tim« occupied the attention of the scientiHc world. I shall, however, merely notice,!^ few of those which have enjoyed thegrentest celebrity. Vieuascns and Lancisci imagined tliat the gungUona posiiui»ed a muscular structure ; and the latter thought that by th«ir contraction tKcy accelerated Uie dow of tt^ nervous spirits. According to the hypotheiiB of Winslow, which had w much intluence on the opinions of suc- ceeding writers, the ganglia ore independent centres, giving new power to their ncrve», and in fact constitute ing so many small brains. Johnstone supposed that these bodies are the instruments by which the motions of the involuntary muscles, as the heart and the intestines, are rendered uniformly independent of the wilt. An opinion in many respects similar to the theories of Winslow and Johnstone, was supported with great ability by Bichat. niiis celebrated aoatomUt contended thut each ganglion ought to be rq^arded as an independent centre, tumish.- ing or receiving its proper ner^-es, and connected by an«.stomo($ing tilaments, with the surrounding ganglia. He conceived that the great sympathetic ner%'e was coro,- posed of a series of these nodules, and that it governed the urguns of the vegetative functions. * The obaervaiioDt cootained b iliii lectiM <lo net apply In ihe apinal gangliont. I I Many physiologists, as Mockfl, Scarpa, and Lv Gr3- lob, sup)H)»e Lhat the u&v d Ui« (puiglia id to (lixidc, to mix. together, aod to re-unite thv nen'ous tiluncnts that they receive. Dr. Pliili|i concludes that Ihcy cod- .stitute a aecomlary eeotre of nervotta power; muL as. tbcy receive the intluence of every part of the braui and spinal marrow, they bestow on the thoracic and ab- [^doDiiDol nscera, ou ihe veasvls and ail secreting knr- fliccii, the L'ombintd influL-nce of thotie Orgiu)!i. Nutwithntanding the unwearied patience vnth whii^ these inquiries have been puuiied by so many eminent men, the functions of the sympathetic remain still un- determinod. The experiments of Dr. Philip seem to CBtttbiish tiie conclusion mentioned above ; but there I are douhtlcHS other operations effected W meana of the ganglions, which have in all probability, an important . influenoe on tlie %'ttaJ prore&ses of ilif^estioo, rvspiration, ' circulation, secrt-tion, and gvneratioD. In concluding these obsert-ations, I shall allude, to an error which having received support from very high authorities, has had on injurious i:ffect upon this ond . other inquirii-'s concerning the funclious of iho nejrous system. I allude to the doctrine according to which tlie ganglia are provided to cut off the parts lljey supply with nerves from all connexion with the brain. Tlic fallacy of this opinion has been demoastrated by Dr. Philip. 08 far as tlie gangiious of the great sympathetic are concerned ; and in an equally satis&ctory miinner by Mr. Bell, with respect to the gnngUunti of opinal nervos. THS END. :k. ni|ILb>HBU BY S. IIIGHLEV. 174. FLEET STREET, »p WBBU StllliRT. UAZK rOKIl. BQROUOH. 'i(Pl'ORTRAIT OF R. D. GRAINGER, Esq,, !'•' iMcftmKR or A.\iiTo.vY ji.yn fHYnioLoor. f- BoBmsd by UIVTON, fnoi a Piolur* hj WAQEMAN. Slieo/'Ibo Pblu i^H luohcB b> 0 Inclm, lOf.AiT. A SYSTEM OF ANATOMK Al, PLATES OF THE DUUAN I HOli\ . 1 1 AOcoKPAMieu mra DKxeit/fTfUHK. 4.VO yilYilOLOtilCAL. I'ATHOtOOICAt, AHA -■' ai'RatcAL oaasity AVtoxs, iin JOHN UZARS. r,R.5.E. .'' Fo/«. 7/. 1t.pMa! «r Ml. m. <^wrf. •' ' Itu PlalD Cap)' Moluiua FiftdM Pliric of the Brain, coloured. <M I" TUE DISSKCTORS MANUAL, n-r JOriN P. SOITH. t^climr on AaaXam;/ it S( . Thuuiu'* HotpiUl. Oitf IW. Srv. IS>. ."'A' MAMCAL OF PRACTICAL ANATOMY. WOK TBB VSK OF STVt>K.\ri' KSCMiEn IX t>ISMK(.1'IOJrt(. Bi LDWARD STANUiV, ' ' ' Lecturr on AoBlninj' and PUyioiagj ni St. BdRholomcwii Hotpllul. ,1. ni*>IEMim,l»mi>.9i. THE ANATOMY. PIIYSIOLOOY, AND DISEASES OF THE. TEETH, " i' BvTUmiAS BBLL. F.R.S. P. L.S. F.G.& M JUclurcr au the AnUumyiUKl Hii'-iMsof ih« T«i-iliiil Gujr'> llMf^l^ Md ,1) '' Sdrgem tXiiiiKi to itut ttuKilulioii. '" <u,rr Oi (of. 8». wMWwny U /-falo. t«i». A TREATISE ON VENEREAL AND MERCURIAL DISEASES. iLurgTRATKn my oolovhxd KsanArisaa. Bv JOHN MORGAN, Saffw lo ti«j'" Hufiiul. ilo in Uu Pmt. ft \ A TREATISE ON DISLOCATIONS AND FRACTLKES OF THE JOINTS. By HlR ASTLBY TOOPER, BtBT., F.ltft MiMieati TO T>K mkn, Onh Bdition, «MI. nuMtmui PtaWn. KiyX 4A«t 1/. ftt, rUBLlHHKV lT ti. HIGHLEV. I "anatomical EXAMINATIONS: a f»mplct« SER1B8 ofl A^A^uMIC■AL Ul^-f^U^N^ ■.«■ answers. 'Ilic Aiwwcn kmu^rd M^ ••urunniui Eliim«ua>7 Syilrai «f AaUonjr, ud iWondrdiaprciMnunU j CxMBliiiiliuii BllhpRojBlCollffcvorRuncnaM. To whieh ire anDeMd, lHl«l «f Uio Been, Miuclo, and Art«nM. Sixth EdUiAO, ourrectod ud Imprand. Two YsU. l3mo. lib. ANATOMICO.CHIRURCICAL VIEWS of iIk NOSK, ^ MOirm, lURY.W. «irl IA(J<'i;s^ ismnlinirurrovrhislilf-eittthtvlI'liiH^i Ihc i^iiiT of Niiturt) and llkr HUdc Naiubrr iif Pluim of Ouliibi, with ^ipcVprU Ktc £x|>liiiiiilioaii and Rrfcrnicct,iiudKO (iddilicmal Anuii'micMl UnfripMo* ef Am P«rt«. By U'ii.[JtM l^wBiNCiy Ew). F. B )>. law fraCnHir uf AiiaMai j lo J (IM RojKl CiiU«Kt of &U1VUHU. Mit, V. 9f. «Mi cotottml pUtoii «r li. Ia] plilo, ^ ANATOMICO-ClilRURGICAL VIEWS of Ibe MALE bii^J FRMALE P>XVIS, dnlffncd utd eomved b^ Granat l.wu; fitt^rf tTtiftii n&!n,ilicSlu- vrNBtim, iit(hkKplawiioi»(M>a KaftriwcM W the PJfc. Siwaiid lldUluH, Coliu. CoUNircd,1U. S«. Pblii, t/. Ii. A TKBATISE ON NEURALGIC DISKASKS, <le»<n<lral upaii Irrtuilon oi ihc ^piiwl Blnrow, aDd (SukU of <lic SyupMkette Men*. By Tbomaii PHiDaiNTKAi.s, M«abcr^of tb« Hojml CcJIagn of SoffoOMla London, Si'riiar.'Jur|;oan(otlM Lw(b PiibHe IXtpntmj, tu. Ura. A DICTIONARY OF PRAgTlCAL SURGERY: cnapra.! anAocouBlof tbc liiilniOMMiMidBaBe£eaau|>loypd lu^wuvfrjPi ite Bma»> ] Sr uid NliriilflcailoB of the frtndpal Tetnu. By Suusi. CuapcK. Rftk [iOB,wrtwd,coiTectcd,uidcontldmtiljcnljirgTfl. OuriMck Vol. Bra. Il.?>. TW FIRST LINES of ibe PRACTICE n{ SURCKRY ; d».. ■itpicd U on liilrodurlloa for StudtDli. and a roaciv Back uf KrlVrRira ftr ] Pnu'iliiuucni. By SAtttiKU Coopkb. Fifth Edlilon, cvcfally comcud^ m^J connidiviihly iniprarwL WUk iciiersl oew Plolta Rr«. )8t. 1 LEXICON MP.DICUM. Of MEDICAL DICTIONARY; emA Mhiluit lui ti[tliuuuioiiorilieT«rmbAiiBloitiy. niniolosT, Kvcticstf Phyw^ I MaUtla Mcdu-o, Clicniutry, Phaimacy, SurRciy. Mldomnr, OBi iIm virtono J Kanohoi of Natural PUlowphy oannrctfd ulih Mcdiebc. Wonloll jMiMiaii,! and CMipllrd tnat ihc bcM Aulhon. Uy Koiikbt Uoopk«, MJ>. tVthndU 1 lioo, iriUi Tiry wuridarablc Corrrctkairs Ad>tili«i<s and ImprarsqieMh Kiw, II. 7'. The MODERN PRACTICE of PHYSIC; uhitwtinx ih« ClHractora, I'lmc, Sftnploan, tVepiuriln, Murbid A ppnwtium^ and \mfnin4 ]Mhi>d«fin'jiiiuKthc UMBMaof ollCUnMUH. Ry RomsbtTikihu, M. Dw^ Ntnth KdilhMi, wiiti irry coatidmbU Addlilooa-, in OuctUok Vol.Sm. Itt. ELEMENTS of MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE. B; T. R. Bkok, hi. 1>. Thml Bdlthn, broiwbl down to ibv frocul Time by J0N« Dar- WAU, H.D. So. iKi. RICHERAND-S ELEMENTS of PilVSIOLOGV. Traui. lalcdbyU J >l. Dc Lt«,M.I> With Noln, itud a Ccfloa App«ud». By jAMKsL'ori.AKli, M.D. Fklth i^dllloii. »o. ItW. A TRANSLATION of il.o PIIARMACOPOIIA LONDI- ITENSlSv With ooplou Noln niid llluMnulaiii, cxUhilhv >hi' Nalun- nf ttal nriou* Mnliduol Compinuid*, Ihc Pncrmca of their CoJf Wrtlion, tmi af ih»^ Dcoompgallioai which Inkr pluc durinK llMir Pnparatlaii. ItlaKiBled kgrJ OhgtWMk aod Wood Ki>irrsvlnic> of ihr <~hryriatKD* Vonm tJ lb« AkMlMkl ■ Ewttj, and NoUllle Salia. By Kioako PmLun, F.II.8.L.Mdl-*a. •(•'.At.Orf. -•^ *. . »