A large proportion to the face, is symmetrically formed ; it is sraooli, large, and convex on the upper and fore parts, so that the forehead is well expanded, whilst towards the temples the cranium is slightly flattened. The lace is oval, and is placed nearly vertically beneath the arch of tlie fore- head. The features are moderately distinguished and well-proportioned to each other ; the nose is narrow, convex, and often shrilly aquiline; the mouUi smalt, with the lips rather curved and expressive ; the chin full und rounded. The cheek-bones are not prominent ; the upper jaw and its teeth are nearly perpendicular. <Callout type="important" title="Important">The Ciuicasian variety comprises all the European nations, except the Laplanders and the other Finnish tribes ; the Western Asiatics, us far as the Obi, the Caspian Sea, and the Ganges ; and the people of the north, und even some of the interior of Africa.</Callout> TTip MongoHan. or yeUw varifty, hajs the skin of a yellow colour ; the hair is black, stiff, and straight ; the beard, as in tlie dark races generally, is scanty. The tlM Old World.— fi/. PAy. by Dr. Qo^mA, p. 831. Dt. Prirhird, in Kli Imned worit on the Phyilcal Rittory of Mankind, hit given an idminble Bocotinlof ctvry thing ititl relilo to the chaiaclcn and prcutiiirtlinof ih* wioai triba nd nUtoa^ into wbleb the hunua tptxm li dh-idcd. F KTEIIOriAN. head is almost square ; the forehead low and slanting ; the cheek'bones project outwards ; tJie orbits are largv and SL'purated considerably troni each other, haviitg scarcely any superciliary arches ; the nostrils are nar- row ; the superior maxilla is turned obtusely tbrwurds ; and the chin is somewhat prominent. The face is broad and flattened, and consequently the features are less dis- tinct : the space between the eyes is broad and flat ; the ^ertures of the eye-lids are narrow and oblique ; the cheeks extend outwards, and the nose in small and flat. This great branch of mankind comprehends the remain- ing Asiatics, except the Mfdays ; the Finnish races of the north of Europe ; and the Esquimaux diffused ovkt the northern parts of America, from Behnng's Straits to the farthest habitable spot of Greenland. The Ethiopian, or black cariehj. The skin is black and soft; the hair black, crisp, and curled. The bead is narrow and compressed laterally, having large tempo- ral fossiE ; the forehead Is narrow, very convex, and retreating ; the frontal bone is shorter than in the Cau- casian \'iricty ; the foramen magnum Is placed more posteriorly ; and the skuU altogether is thick and heavy! The malar bones project forwards ; the orbits are capa- cious : the osseou.s nares large, and tlio internal parts well developed ; the jaws are lengthened forwards ; the cdveolur edge is narrow, elongated, and more elliptical; the upper front teetli are oblique and prominent, and tlie lower jaw large and strong. The face is narrow above, ])rojecting and widened below, thus being some- what oval, but in the opposite direction to the Cau- casian 1 the eyes are large and prominent ; the nose thick>and flattened, and confounded on the sides with the projecting cheeks ; the lips, especially the upper, are PAPUAS, AMERICAN, thick, and tlie chin rulhor receding. The fore arm and tingers are proportionally long. The petri& it) small ; the ^a long, and in many inittances l>owed ; the calves are placed high ; the foot is ftat, and ihe heel projecting. This race includes all the nations of Africa, with tlie exception of those comprehended in the Cau- casian variety ; and also certain tribes dispersed in llic Southern Ocean.* The American, or copper coUmred variety. The skin 18 of a red or copper colour ; the hair black, stiiF, straight, and sparing ; the heard is almost wanting, and is oft-n artifioially removed. The cranium is usually small and light ; the forehead, which is natundly sliort and dejiresged, is often greatly feteued and deformed by art ; the occipital region is rLso flattened so that tiie skull has rather a conical form, the apejc l)eing above ; the cheek-bones are broad, but more arched and rounded than in the Mongo1e.s, and consequently projecting less outwards ; the orbits ore generally deep. The fticc is * It ii a vtgy iotavsting tict, tial ihere uc maay tribe* of peopis dit- poased io tlw oumcorm iilandt of the Soulborn fucific nnd fodian OccMit, wfaloh hrai K moit dcikiug ntgcivocv ia thnr phjtkal danwtcn to Ihc MgiMi of Africa. Tbcw pooplr, who onupr ft very txtcaiirc mtga 9t ^uDtric*, ftte dutinguitliril collecrivdy liy the t(<rm of Papuat. They btve gmcnlly black ikin, Ciiip iiDtl cuily liait, uliicli ii oflcn woolly; luge All w battled nOM«; thick lip< and projecting jiwi. Their Mabm a rariow. MOM of Ibem Wmg k Ull and Uout, while other* ate % dwartiih »iul ill- funned peoplu. Tlic negrota who iobabil the idoiidt of tho gTMi Southern 0«kn, BppcsT to hare emigntcd from iha oratml land of Htm Guiim, Itaw b«Und. and Nev Briuun, nhtch eounlria ire included uDdertbeuawof ibe Continent of I^piui. Wc arc not in poHcwan of uy dcthinL- lufomn- tion L'onccrning Ihn prin>iiivc oiigini of ilic Papua tribe*. Bnicchi the I^ipuu, who «rc charoctciitud liy black conplexioM and woolly hui, tlieceuGiriba of iBwgtt •oatlcrad kn Uw Indian Ardn^ago wd Ibe AuMtal cououie^ who ate u black a* the Papuat, bul have diOenxil featlSO^. Bad Itt^ghl or lank hair. Tlu'y art known by Ihe fiOtCtH apptt- tadM «f lb* AMnliu tten. Ste PneiMrd, I. c. vol. i. book 4. MALATAN. broad, with prominent and rounded cheeks, which gi s a peculiar character to the American countenance ; the ^es deep ; the nose is rather flat, but still prominent ; every feature is distittctl}' marked whu the face is view- ed in profile. Tim division comprehend!) all the Ame- ricans, excepting thi: Esquimaux. The Malayan, or taumi/ variety. The akin is tawny or olive-coloured ; the hair black, soft, curled, thick and abundant. The head is rather narrow ; the forehead slightly arched ; the parietal bones above the cars, ore prominent ; the cheek-bones not projecting, and the upper jaw raliier prominent. The face is prominent ut its lower pari, and not so narrow a-s in the Ethiopian va- riety ; the features, viewed in profile, are more distinct ; the nose is full, lai^, and bottled at its point. Tlus variet)' includes the inliabitants of the Pacific Ocean, of the Marian, Philippine, Molucca, and Sunda Lilcs, and of the peninsula of Malacca. Bluincnbach regards the Caucasian division as the type or standitrd of the others ; this, together witli the Mongolian and Ethiopian forming the tliree most dis- tinct varieties, while the American may be regarded as intermediate between the Caucasian and Mongolian, and the Malay between the Caucasian and the Ethiopian. The distinctive characters which have tlius been as- signed by Blumenbach to the five great divisions of mankind, apply only in a general manner. We often see an European with the features of an African, and vice verad. Again, although the nations which arc com- prehended in any ^-nriety have several points of resem- blance, yet they are in many respects very different from each other ; the same observation applies to indi- 96 OP DEATH AND ITS CONSBQUBNCRS. TiduaU of the same country, of the same province, and c’ev of the same family. A ciuvstion of great interest U connected with this subject, viz. what is the source of those characters which so stronfcly mark the varieties of mankind? Can they be explained by supposing tliat all the inhabitants of the earth have sprung Irom ooe common stock, and that tlie differences at present obser’ed arc merely the result of external circumstances operating on thera, through H long course of ages ; or, must it be admitted that there were funned, in the Brst creation, more than two p^rimi^•e parents? It is not my intention to enter into an examination of tlie proofs and reasoning which lui\een employed respectively by tlie supporters of these theories, as such a detail woiUd exceed the limits of this work. I shall only add, that the argumeoti ad- duced to support tlie doctrine of tlie origin of mankind from two common parents, are the most satisfactoty, and most in accordance with the lacts which are ascer- tained, with respect to the changes induced by external circumstances in tlie inferior animals.* <Callout type="risk" title="Risk">Understanding these differences can help in recognizing potential health issues or genetic predispositions among different populations.</Callout> <Callout type="tip" title="Tip">Knowledge of racial characteristics is crucial for medical professionals and researchers to provide appropriate care and conduct accurate studies across diverse populations.</Callout>
Key Takeaways
- The Caucaisan, Mongolian, Ethiopian, American, and Malayan are identified as the main racial divisions.
- Each race has distinct physical characteristics that can be used to identify them.
- Understanding these differences is important for medical professionals and researchers.
Practical Tips
- Learn about the physical characteristics of different races to better understand diverse populations in a survival context.
- Recognize potential health issues or genetic predispositions among different racial groups based on their physical traits.
- Use this knowledge to provide appropriate care and conduct accurate studies across diverse populations.
Warnings & Risks
- Avoid making assumptions about individuals based solely on their race, as it can lead to discrimination and misunderstanding.
- Be aware that these classifications are not absolute and can vary widely within each racial group.
- Recognize the potential for misinterpretation of genetic information in a survival context.
Modern Application
While the historical classification of human races based on physical characteristics may seem outdated, understanding these differences is still valuable for recognizing potential health issues or genetic predispositions among different populations. This knowledge can help medical professionals and researchers provide appropriate care and conduct accurate studies across diverse groups.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What are the main racial divisions mentioned in this chapter?
The main racial divisions mentioned are the Caucaisan, Mongolian, Ethiopian, American, and Malayan varieties.
Q: How can understanding these racial differences be useful in a survival context?
Understanding these differences can help recognize potential health issues or genetic predispositions among different populations, which is crucial for providing appropriate care and conducting accurate studies across diverse groups.
Q: What are the physical characteristics of the Caucaisan variety mentioned in this chapter?
The Caucaisan variety has a symmetrically formed face with a large forehead that is well expanded, narrow and convex nose, small and expressive mouth, full and rounded chin, not prominent cheekbones, and nearly perpendicular upper jaw.