Bacterial Cocci Varieties and Characteristics

cocci ‘8 to 1p in diameter, singly or in masses; forms minute pink colonies, developing slowly ; in a week the colour resembles a, red azalea blossom and liquefaction commences. Micrococcus agilis (Ali-Cohen), from water ; cocci 1 » in diameter, with a slender flagellum; usually in pairs; stains best by Léffler. Sarcina rosea (Schréter), from the air; large cocci in cubic packets. Sarcina mobilis (Maurea), from ascitic fluid; cocci 1 to 5 p» in diameter, forming a red pigment; will not grow in incubating oven at 87° C.; is said to show slight rotatory movement, “4 THE ORGANISM IS A MICROCOCCUS. THE GELATINE IS LIQUEFIED RAPIDLY. THE COLONIES ARE YELLOW. THE COCCI ARE IN MASSES. Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus, from pus in acute abscesses and in suppurative processes generally; cocci ‘8 to “9 » in diameter; grows rapidly at ordinary temperature, forming orange-yellow colonies ; stains well with the aniline stains and by Gram. Staphylococcus pyogenes citreus, resembles the above; the colonies formed are, however, of a lemon colour, and the liquefaction is not quite so rapid. Micrococeus coronatus, cocci 1 to 1:2 » in diameter, singly or in chains; the colonies appear as whitish-yellow points, sur- rounded by a zone of depression, with radiating processes. Micrococcus flavus liquefaciens (Fliigge), from air and water; large cocei in pairs or masses; forms small yellow colonies with a granular surface, with lines radiating from centre to cireum- ference ; the liquefying jelly remains clear; with a yellow deposit. Micrococcus fuscus (Maschek), from water; elliptical cocci, sometimes even appearing as short rods. Micrococcus cremoides, from water; cocci -8 y in diameter, arranged in grape-like masses growing in concentric rings with delicate radiating processes. Micrococcus of Almquist, obtained from the bulle of pemphigus neonatorum ; cocei 0°5 to 1 y in diameter, usually in pairs ; resembles Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus in its morphology and growth, 15 THE ORGANISM IS A MICROCOCCUS. THE GELATINE IS LIQUEFIED RAPIDLY. THE COLONIES ARE YELLOW. THE COCCI ARE ARRANGED AS DIPLOCOCCI. Diplococeus citreus liquefaciens (Onna and Tommasoli), small oval cocci, in pairs, or tetrads, or short chains, each coccus about 0°4 to 0-1 » in diameter ; from the skin in cases of eczema seborrhceieum ; the colonies appear first as minute white discs, becoming yellow in about fourteen days; the liquefaction is not very rapid; a flocculent deposit is formed in the softened gelatine, Diplococeus fluorescens fostidus (Klamann), from the posterior nares; cocei arranged in pairs 1:4 » in diameter, sometimes forming short chains; the colonies are of a grayish-brown colour, the gelatine becoming of « greenish colour, giving off a foetid odour, a shining iridescent film forms on the surface of the liquefied gelatine. 16 THE ORGANISM IS A MICROCOCCUS. THE GELATINE IS SLOWLY LIQUEFIED. THE COLONIES ARE YELLOW. Micrococcus flavus desidens (Fligge), from air and water; small cocci, in pairs or chains; forms small yellowish-brown colonies, surrounded by a depression of liquefied gelatine, Micrococcus radiatus (Fligge), from air and water; cocci 0°8 to 1 # in diameter; colonies form a radiating growth of a yellowish- brown colour. Micrococcus aérogenes (Miller), from the alimentary canal; large oval cocci, growing in flat yellowish-white colonies. Diplococcus luteus (Adametz), from water ; cocci in pairs, 1 to 1°2 » in diameter, sometimes in chains of eight or ten elements; an actively motile coccus. . Diplococeus flavus liquefaciens tardus (Unna), from the skin in eczema seborrheicum ; biscuit-shaped diplococci, resembling the gonococcus, each element 0°5 to 0°8 in diameter ; colonies form small cireular yellow dises. Diplococcus subflavus (Bumm), from vaginal secretion and lochial discharge ; biseuit-shaped diplococci, the cells from 0°5 to 1°5 yin diameter, resembling the gonococcus of Neisser; stains with the aniline colours and by Gram, this latter distinguishing it from the micrococeus of gonorrhea ; it liquefies blood serum. Diplococcus citreus conglomeratus (Bumm), from gonorrheal pus and from the air; resembles the gonococeus ; the colonies first appear moist and shining, becoming cracked and scaly; the cocei are about 1°5 » in diameter, frequently arranged in tetrads. Sarcine aurantiaca and lutea, from air and water; cocci in pairs, tetrads, or packets, the cells of the S. lutea being the larger. Staphylococcus salivarius pyogenes,* from saliva; when grown at 87° C., may be distinguished from Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus by the liquefaction being slower, and the colour formed. being lighter ; stains well by Gram’s method. * At ordinary temperatures the colonies of this organism are white, as described on p. 11. 17 THE ORGANISM IS A MICROCOCCUS. THE GELATINE IS NOT LIQUEFIED. THE COLONIES ARE WHITE, NOT CONFLUENT, GROWING SLOWLY. THE COCCI ARE ARRANGED IN CHAINS. Streptococcus pyogenes, from pus; spherical cocci, 0°4 to 1 w in diameter, varying in size in different cultures, and even in the same chain; multiplying by binary division in one direction only, forming chains of which the elements generally appear as diplococci; stains well by Gram; grows slowly at the ordinary temperature as small punetiform, semi-transparent colonies. Various forms of this organism have been described in different diseases, as— Streptococcus erysipelatos (Fehleisen), cocci in short, rigid chains, from the skin in a case of exysipelas. Streptococcus pyogenes brevis and longus, supposed to vary as to their pathogenic virulence, Streptococeus articulorum (Léfiler), from diphtheritic false membranes; large irregular cocci in long, flexible chains, Streptococous septions (Fliigge), from fonl soil ; cocci generally in pairs ; pathogenic for mice and rabbits. Streptococcus pyogenes malignus (Fliigge), from necrotic masses in a lence- amie spleen. Streptococcus brevis (von Lingelsheim), from normal human saliva ; grows more rapidly at ordinary temperature than Streptococcus pyogenes ; cocci in pairs or short chains, Streptococcus coryze contagiose equorum, found in the pus from the lymphatic glands of horses snffering from the disease known in Germany as Druse des Pfordes. Streptococcus conglomeratus (Kurth), from cases of scarlet fever ; grown in bouillon, the chains appear in tangled masses, single chains being are. Micrococcus of cattle pneumonia, cocci in short chains, surrounded by a transparent capsule, which is extremely difficult to demon- strate, 2 18 THE ORGANISM IS A MICROCOCCUS. THE GELATINE IS NOT LIQUEFIED. THE COLONIES ARE WHITE, NOT CONFLUENT, AND GROWING SLOWLY. THE COCCI ARE IN MASSES. Micrococcus candicans (Fligge), from air and water; spherical cocci, 1 win diameter. V Micrococcus aquatilis, from water ; small cocei in irregular groups. Staphylococcus cereus albus (Passet), from pus; large solitary cocci, 1-16 » in diamdter ; the colonies resemble drops of stearin. Micrococcus concentricus (Zimmerman), from water; cocci 09 » in diameter ; the colonies first appear as bluish-gray points. Micrococcus acidi lactici, from cow’s milk; large solitary cocci; the colonies have a yellowish tinge. Micrococcus cumulatus tenuis (von Besser), from nasal mucus; large oval cocci in masses; the colonies on agar appear as thick transparent drops, with a brown nucleus and wrinkled margin. Micrococcus gingive pyogenes (Miller), from an alveolar abscess; large, irregular cocci, solitary or in pairs; colonies have a purple tint by transmitted light. ¥ Micrococcus rosettaceus, from water; spherical cocci; the colonies have a yellowish tinge. Micrococcus salivarius septicus (Biondi), from the saliva in a case of puerperal septicemia, by inoculation through a guinea-pig; oval cocci, which, when multiplying rapidly, show slight lateral protrusions; stains well by Gram. THE ORGANISM IS A MICROCOCCUS. THE GELATINE IS NOT LIQUEFIED. THE COLONIES ARE WHITE, GROWING SLOWLY, AND NOT CONFLUENT. THE COCCI ARE ARRANGED AS DIPLOCOCCI. Diplococcus albicans tardissimus, from vaginal secretion; it resembles the gonococeus, but grows slowly on gelatine; the colonies have a dentate margin. Micrococcus of trachoma (Sattler), from the trachomatous follicles in cases of Egyptian ophthalmia ; s small diplococcus, growing very slowly, the colonies having a yellowish tinge and a wavy margin. : Diplococeus coryze (Hajek), from nasal mucus in acute epidemic nasal catarrh + diplococci resembling short bacilli with rounded ends; clear drop-like colonies. Micrococcus tetragenus mobilis ventriculi (Mendosa), from secre- tion from the human stomach; cocci in tetrads, enclosed in a gelatinous capsule, and supposed to be motile. Micrococcus of Manfredi, from sputum in croupous pneumonia following measles ; oval cocci, 0°6 to 1 « in diameter ; associated in pairs, sometimes forming short chains ; colonies appear as thin, transparent plates with a pearl-gray lustre; stains well by Gram. 20 THE ORGANISM IS A MICROCOCCUS. THE GELATINE IS NOT LIQUEFIED. THE COLONIES ARE WHITE, CONFLUENT, AND GROWING RAPIDLY. THE COCCI VARY IN THEIR ARRANGEMENT. Micrococcus uree (Pasteur), from air and from ammoniacal urine; cocci 0°8 to 1 in diameter, either singly, in pairs, chains, tetrads or zoogloea masses; old cultures have a paste-like odour. Micrococcus viticulosus (Katz), from air and water ; oval cocci, about 1 in diameter; forms thick zooglea masses; the colonies consist of hair-like branches from a centre forming a delicate network. 21 THE ORGANISM IS A MICROCOCCUS. THE GELATINE IS NOT LIQUEFIED. THE COLONIES ARE WHITE, CONFLUENT, AND GROWING RAPIDLY. THE COCCI ARE ARRANGED AS DIPLOCOCCI. Diplococeus lacteus faviformis, from sputum and from healthy vaginal mucus; cocci 1°25 u in diameter; forms milk-white colonies. 22 THE ORGANISM IS A MICROCOCCUS. THE GELATINE IS NOT LIQUEFIED. THE COLONIES ARE WHITE, CONFLUENT, AND GROWING RAPIDLY. THE COCCI ARE ARRANGED AS TETRADS OR AS SARCINA. Micrococcus tetragenus, very common in phthisical sputum, also found in normal saliva and in pus; micrococci 1 » in diameter, dividing in two directions, forming tetrads united by a gela- tinous envelope ; grows rather slowly at ordinary temperature, as small white spherical colonies ; stains well by Gram. Sarcina pulmonum (Hauser), from phthisical sputum; cocei 1 to 1°5 » in diameter, in tetrads or packets; forms a pearl-gray layer on gelatine ; when cultivated in urine causes ammoniacal decomposition of urea. THE ORGANISM IS A MICROCOCCUS. THE GELATINE IS NOT LIQUEFIED. THE COLONIES ARE BLACK. Black torula, from air; forms circular raised black colonies on gelatine. 24 THE ORGANISM IS A MICROCOCCUS. THE GELATINE IS NOT LIQUEFIED. THE COLONIES ARE RED. Micrococcus cinnabareus (Fliigge), from air and water; large spherical cocci, in pairs or tetrads ; the colonies appear on the sixth day, of a brick-red colour. Pink torula, from the air; oval cells, 5 to 8 » in diameter, forming a coral pink growth on surface of gelatine. Micrococcus cerasinus siccus (List), from water; cocci 0°25 to 0°35 7 in diameter; grows best at 37° C.; forms a cherry-red layer on the agar. Micrococcus carneus (Zimmerman), from water ; cocci about °8 # in diameter, united in grape-like masses. THE ORGANISM IS A MICROCOCCUS. THE GELATINE IS NOT LIQUEFIED. THE COLONIES ARE YELLOW, AS FLAT DEPOSITS. Micrococcus versicolor, from water ; small cocci, in pairs or masses ; whitish-yellow colonies, having a yellowish-green iridescent shimmer, becoming brown ; the medium also becomes coloured. Diplococeus of spreading edema (Harris, Journal of Pathology, 1898), from the blood and tissues of guinea-pig inoculated from case of spreading cedema; cocci 1 in diameter, in pairs enclosed in @ capsule; cream or buff coloured fissured colonies. This organism is markedly pleomorphic. 25 THE ORGANISM IS A MICROCOCCUS. THE GELATINE IS NOT LIQUEFIED, THE COLONIES ARE YELLOW, AS RAISED DROPS. Staphylococcus cereus flavus (Passet), from pus; resembles the other pus cocci; is rather more irregular in size; sometimes forms short chains ; colonies lemon-coloured. Micrococcus flavus tardigradus (Fligge), from air and water ; large cocci, generally single. Micrococcus Juteus (Cohn), from water; small non-motile elements, forming a flocoulent zoogliea. Micrococcus aurantiacus, froin water; grows very slowly, forming small orange circular colonies ; oval cocci 1°5 » in diameter. Micrococeus fervidosus (Adametz), from water; colonies have a finely-toothed margin. Micrococcus citreus, from water; cocci 1:5 » in diameter, in pairs or chains. Staphylococcus viridis flavescens (Guttmann), from the vesicles of varicella; resembles Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus, but does not liquefy the gelatine ; the colonies are greenish-yellow. Micrococcus ochroleucus, from urine; cocci 0°5 to 0°8 » in diameter, solitary, in pairs, or short chains; the pigment is soluble in aleohol, and is decolourized by acids; the colonies are rather branching in form, Sarcina ventriculi, from the stomach; cells 25 » in diameter, generally appearing as diplococei or tetrads, rarely in packets. 26 THE ORGANISM IS A MICROCOCCUS. THERE IS NO GROWTH ON GELATINE AT THE ORDINARY TEMPERATURE. Micrococcus of gonorrhcea—Gonococcus (Neisser), from gonorrheal pus; biscuit-shaped cocci in pairs or groups of four, having the flattened surfaces opposed, leaving a clear interspace, the long diameter of a pair of cells being about 0°8 to 1°6 4; stains well by the aniline stains, but not by Gram. Methylene blue and eosin form a good double stain; the special characteristic of the cocci is the fact that they are within the pue-cells; can best be cultivated on human blood serum at 84° C. Micrococcus of Kirchner, from bronchial secretion in epidemic in- fluenza; spherical cocci in pairs, surrounded by a capsule; does not stain by Gram. Micrococcus hematodes, from the foul sweat of the axilla; when grown at 87° C. on the coagulated white of hen’s eggs the colonies appear of a blood-red colour. Diplococcus of acute pemphigus (Demme), from the bulle in cases of acute pemphigus; grown at 87°C. on agar, it forms round, milk-white colonies with radiating processes. Diplococcus intercellularis meningitidis (Weichselbaum), from the exudate in cases of cerebro-spinal meningitis ; cocci in pairs; fours or small groups formed in the interior of the pus-cells; do not stain by Gram. Micrococcus pyogenes tenuis (Rosenbach), from pus; rather large cocci, rarely arranged in masses; the poles of the cells, when stained, appear to be separated by a clear interspace. Micrococcus tetragenus subflavus (von Besser), from nasal mucus; oval cocci, usually in tetrads; will not grow on gelatine at ordinary temperature, but will on agar, forming dirty white colonies with wrinkled margin. Micrococcus endocarditidis rugatus (Weichselbaum), from the affected cardiac valves in a case of ulcerative endocarditis ; re- sembles Staphylococcus pyogenes, but will not grow at ordinary temperature; at 87° C. on agar forms small brown wrinkled colonies.