Introduction and Background

BACTERIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS ST, GEORGE REID ar e235 Ro / CORNELL UNIVERSITY. 55 THE Roswell PP. Flawer Library THE GIFT OF ROSWELL P, FLOWER FOR THE USE OF THE N. Y. STATE VETERINARY COLLEGE. 1897 Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924000893648 yo BACTERIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS. BY ST. GEORGE REID, BACTERIOLOGISY TO THE CENTRAL LONDON THROAT AND EAR HOSPITAL. LONDON: BAILLIERE, TINDALL AND COX, 20 & 21, Kine Wintiam Srreet, Srranp. (PARIS AND MADRID.] 1897. Al Aes ears. PREFACE. ‘Turse notes are intended merely as an analytical key to bacteriological diagnosis, the object being to secure, as far as possible, a differentiation at once rapid, accurate, and simple, ‘The tables were originally drawn up for my own assistance in differentiating the mouth and throat organisms, and finding them of very material aid, the plan was extended so as to embrace most of the known bacteria, and the notes are now published, in the hope that they may be of service to other workers. As it is not the purpose of this pamphlet to deal with matter already fully treated of in text-books of Bactericlogy, all details of stains and such questions of technique are, with two exceptions, omitted. The method of procedure has been to inoculate two tubes, one of gelatine and one of agar or blood-serum, so that the special characteristics of the organism at the ordinary temperature and at 87° C. might be de- veloped as rapidly as possible. For the description of the organisms I am indebted to the published work of Crookshank, Fligge, Schenk, Sims Woodhead, and especially to that of Sternberg. My thanks are also due to Dr. Dundas Grant, and to Dr. Slater, Bacteriologist to St. George’s Hospital, for kind advice and assistance in preparing these notes for publication. Space-has been left in the notes for the inser- tion of new organisms as they may be discovered, or for notes as to special staining methods, and the index has been arranged accordingly. Sr. GEORGE REID. CONTENTS. PA0e TABLE OF LIQUEFYING MICROCOCCI 5 TABLE OF NON-LIQUEFYING MIOROOOCCI- 6 TABLE OF MIOROCOCCI NOT GROWING BELOW 22° C. 6 TABLE OF LIQUEFYING BACILLI 7 TABLE OF NON-LIQUEFYING BACILLI 8 TABLE OF BACILLI NoT GROWING BELOW 22° C. 9 TABLE OF BACILIT THAT HAVE EEN DESCRIBED, BUT NOT GROWN 9 ‘TABLE OF SPIRILLA 9 GRAM’S STAIN TOR BACTERIA 10 NOTES ON LIQUEFYING MICROCOCCI 10-16 NOTES ON NON-LIQUEFYING MICROCOCCL 17-25 NOTES ON MIOROCOGOI NOT GROWING BELOW 22° C 26 NOTES ON LIQUEFYING BACILLI 28-40 NOTES ON NON-LIQUEFYING BACILLI 41-50 NOTES ON BACILLI NOT GROWING BELOW 22° C. 51 NOTES ON BACILLI THAT HAVE NOT DEEN CULTIVATED ON ARTIFICIAL ‘MEDIA 58 NOTES ON SPIRILLA 5s NOTE ON ACTINOMYCES 55 NOTE ON PLASMODIUM MALARIA: 55 LIST OF SPORE-FORMING BACILLI 56 LIST OF ORGANISMS FOUND IN THE AIR 87 LIST OF BACTERIA FOUND IN WATER 58 LST OF ORGANISMS YOUND ON THE SURFACE OF THE BODY 59 UST OF THE ORGANISMS WHICH HAVE BEEN FOUND IN THI NosE AND MOUTH 60 LIST OF ORGANISMS WHOSE GROWTH 18 ACCOMPANIED BY A FOUL opour oe 61 INDEX + 62 -poquosop oxe susTENRI0 oy) YoTTA Wo Offa om oF topox SOLA OTT TT StUATATOO Fo PEOY, agp Fe SYOROULG WF SHOqUITIT oT, “vaqny BUpOIEG, wou UBANG euOTEg *snqerper “DOdOXOTL *snprey suATORy “2000x091 “souesokd snyrearyes -sooopkydeig “snaegqns ~oon0tdi. “suaqny “oooopdtqy “snyesowoys -uo9 snaayio soo00pdr, “suepisep snag “900007 “(91) WoRDeE ser MOT “snosny “oo0x9t py “ysmb “wry 40 “ODOR “seprourax0 “DODOOTPL ssnyeuor09 “200001 “smpy@y “by snag 02089 “00x01 P “200g *snaxiTo soooqdige + —-« souo0Ad “by “ooo kqdwag sna “snemne ssovojdiq © —«soueBodd — sovokqdang “(¢1) ce pom “GD OR | “morpouzeudIL pideg “moTOA Ore SOTMOTOS OUT, “snesox -so00ydicr sstqout ‘eUTOIEg *vosor emoreg “2000301 *suos0x “9090207 ous Jo "Ty “s000x0Tp ssngye stprzaprde ssoo0[Aydeyg, “by snoydes smondesokd “soo03dorg ssonorsqdeag, srqorex “amen -uapnely JO ‘s000x0Ty “OD00TF, ssnydare seo “sap sovyonbty Aqrs “son dig’ = - ye “DODOTTL sso00;dong “yorer ssnondes ssyowad -wopkory SLECATTSS yoo ‘so00xdarig, yo ‘o000zorpq ssoookydeg —-“Bxeqauue “opp “by Jo ‘90000tpy <wwo vOTIUg — sNgTe “200079T Hy “bo vaqye Burry — ‘snqye sovesokd zamn “9000101, —s “sooo Aydieag — *GT) Poosopdrp — ‘(oT) sureyo ur Io suns sv Beas) sossrm uw ode ue oul ¥ (GT) Por Ore SeTMOTO OUT, \ ‘CaIGHOSIT SI ANILVIGO GL ‘SNODODOMOIN VSI WSINVOUO GHG -opTyad Ore SeTMOTOO OTL, “leTYOATY] JO “000101 seatyjamn snoqtesy Ee “2090001 moooooosy —-“susournyd. 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There is no growth on gelatine, Will grow ob other arti. Has been described, ficial media at a temp. ‘but not grawn (53). above 22° 6. (51). — — Bae. leprae. Bae. tuberculosis. » of Lustgarten. » mallei. 1) diphtherie vitulorum. 3 septicus sputigenus. 3) buccalis maximus. }) diphtheris. }; necrophorus. }) conjunctivitis. }) of influenza, 1) of Lumnitzer. of Demme. i xerosis. subtilis simulans. of Kitasato (Bac. of bubonic plague). » tachysporus. THE ORGANISM IS A SPIRILLUM (54). Spirillum Obermeieri. »— anserum, » sputigenum. ) dentiom. ) rugala, > Tingue. » nasale. 2% Bot Weibel. ) aureum, }} flavescens. » flavum. 3} concentricum, 1 cholers, 3) of Finkler. ), of Metschnikoff, 2) tyrogenum. Miller. ADDITIONAL ORGANISMS NOT CLASSIFIED. Actinomyces (55). Plasmodium malaria (55). 10 THE ORGANISM IS A MICROCOCOUS, THE GELATINE IS LIQUEFIED. THE COLONIES ARE WHITE. THE cocct ARE PRINCIPALLY IN CHAINS. Micrococcus uree liquefaciens (Fligge), from ammoniacal urine ; spherical cocci 1:25 to 2» in diameter; a yellowish-white deposit is formed in the liquefied gelatine. Micrococcus Freudenreichi, from milk which had undergone viscous fermentation, cocci having a diameter of 2 p, singly or in chains. Streptococcus liquefaciens (Sternberg), from intestinal secretions ; oval cocci 0°4 yz in diameter, in pairs or chains. Streptococcus of Manneberg, from urine in acute Bright’s disease; cocci 09 # in diameter, in pairs or short chains; stains by Gram. ! Streptococcus coli gracilis (Escherich), from the feces of children fed on a flesh diet; cocci 2 to ‘4. in diameter in short S-shaped chains, Streptococcus septicus liquefaciens (Babés), from blood in a case of septicemia following scarlet fever ; cocci 0°38» in diameter, in pairs or short chains; stains by Gram. ® Frequent allusion is made in the text to Gram's method of staining, as an aid to the diagnosis of a great number of micro-organisms ; the method of procedure is therefore given. The section or fixed cover-glass preparation is gently warmed in Ehrlich’s aniline-gentian-violet for 15 minutes, then placed in Gram’s iodine solution (iodine, 1 part ; potassium iodide, 2 parts ; water, 300 parts) for 2 minutes, and transferred to absolute alcohol until decolorized. The bacteria are stained by the gentian violet, and the tissue can be counter- stained with eosin, picrocarmine, ete. il THE ORGANISM IS A MICROCOCCUS. THE GELATINE IS LIQUEFIED. THE COLONIES ARE WHITE. THE COCCI ARE SINGLE OR IN MASSES. Staphylococcus pyogenes albus, from pus, the most frequent pathogenic organism present. The cocci are from ‘8 to ‘9 » in diameter, and are grouped in masses; stains by Gram. Staphylococcus salivarius pyogenes (Biondi), from saliva in a case of scarlet fever anginosa, by inoculation through » guinea-pig ; at the room temperature it forms white opalescent colonies, liquetying slowly; at 87° C. the colonies have a yellow coloration. Micrococcus albus liquefaciens (von Besser), obtained from healthy nasal mucus; spherical cocci twice as large as Staphylococcus pyogenes albus, frequently in short chains. Micrococcus fcetidus (Klamann), from the posterior nares; the cocci are of irregular size, frequently in chains or as diplococei ; the liquefaction is slow, with a fotid smell. Micrococcus II. of Fischel, from blood in influenza ; cocci 1 to 1:25 p in diameter ; the colonies are almost microscopic; the gelatine is very slowly liquefied. Staphylococcus epidermidis albus (Welch), from the epidermis, pro- bably one of the most frequent organisms present upon the surface of the body; resembles Staphylococcus pyogenes albus, the liquefaction is, however, very slow, and its pathogenic action extremely slight. Staphylococcus pyosepticus, from abscess in the skin of a dog; resembles Staphylococcus pyogenes albus. Micrococens of Freire, from cases of yellow fever; cocci ‘6 to ‘8 x in diameter : staining by Gram. 12 THE ORGANISM IS A MICROCOCCUS. THE GELATINE IS LIQUEFIED. THE COLONIES ARE WHITE. THE COCCI ARE ARRANGED AS SARCINZ OR DIPLOCOCCI. { Sarcina alba, small cocci arranged in pairs or tetrads, from air and / water; grows very slowly at the room temperature, with very slight liquefaction ; forms small round white colonies, Sarcina candida, from air; cqcei 1 to 1:5 y in diameter, singly, or pairs, or tetrads; grows slowly, but with rapid liquefaction. Diplococcus albicans’ amplus (Bumm), from vaginal mucus; re- sembles the gonococcus, The cocci are, however, larger, 2 to 28 y in diameter. Micrococcus of Heydenreich (micrococcus of Biskra button), obtained from the pus and serous fluid in cases of the Oriental skin affection known as Biskra button; diplococei about 1 # in length, surrounded by a capsule. 13 THE ORGANISM IS A MICROCOCCUS. THE GELATINE IS LIQUEFIED. THE COLONIES ARE RED. Diplococcus roseus (Bumm), from the air; resembles the gono- coccus ; the pairs are from 1 to 1°5 » from pole to pole; forms pink elevated colonies. Micrococcus roseus (Eisenberg), from influenza sputum ;