CHAPTER XVI LEGAL NOTES (Part 4)

circular plan, 363 spacing of, 363 INDEX Mawbey and De Courcy Meade, investiga- tions by, 377 Mechanical distributors, 405 Methane, 46 Micro-organisms, 157 Mill chimneys connected with sewers, 378 Mirrors, drain, 442 Moisture ground, 21 ground, water and air, 14 Mortar, 422 NATURAL LIGHTING, 147 Nuisances, abatement of, 94 4 “*Nuisances”’ defined, 497 ODOUR TEST 434 a pools, 490 filled radiators, 109 heat storage, 111 heaters, 101, lamps, 150 Oolite, 163 Open cutting versus tun- nelling for sewers, 359 Open grates continuous burning, 98 convection types of, 99 development of, 96 Openable stoves, 99 Organic matter dissolved, 156 suspended, 157 Organisms, micro-, 157 Overflows gate-type waste, 264 slot, 263 weir, 264 “Owner” defined, 496 Oxidation, methods of, 898 Ozone, 45 PALATIBILITY OF WATER, 157 Pan bad types of W.C., 251 siphonie W.C., 253 ““washout’’, 251 Panel heating, 140 Pantry sinks, 270 Parapet gutters, 31 Parian cement, 422 Partition walls, 39 Penstocks for flushing, 372 Periodic testing of drains, 442 Perkins system, 138 Permian formation, 164 Petrol interceptors, 347 legal notes, 486 Pilkington’s double glass, 149 Pipes asbestos cement, 199 cast-iron, 197 cement joint, 300 chases, 133 copper, 204 defective, 39 ducts, 133 fixing iron R.W., 286 fixing water service, 207 horizontal one-pipe sys- tems, 130 jointing hot-water, 118 joints for drain-, 300 lead, 207 “lined” iron, 199 for low-pressure work, 113 material for drain-, 297 movement, 114 plastic, 205 protection against cor- rosion, 297 sizing, 136 top and bottom of waste and R.W., 286 two-pipe system, 133; with vertical risers, 133 waste, 285 water mains, 196 Plastic pipes, 205 Plate glass, 149 Plenum ventilation downward and upward, 50, 74 upward, 75, 82 Plugs, drain, 487 Plumber's “wiped” joint, 283 Plumbing for basins and baths, 278 “one-pipe”’, 292 Plunger pump, 236 Pneumatically operated W.C. tank, 260 “Ponding” bacteria beds, 408 chlorine treatment, 413 Pools, offensive, 490 Populous areas and refuse containers, 462 Porosity of soil, 14 Portland cement, 420 manufacture, 419 Prefabricated manholes in concrete, 365 Pressure filters, 186 Pressure for testing drains, 442 Privies and local by-laws, 245 with middens, 244 Privy ashpits, 244 Proportions in concrete, 423 Public services, 13 Pumps air-lift, 238 bucket and plunger, 237 centrifugal, 238 double-acting. 237 force, 236 plunger, 236 power required for, 241 steam, 237 Purity, standards of, 44 RADIANT ELECTRIC HEA- TERS, 103 Radiators, 117 calculations, 120 control valves, 119 direct types, 117 direct—indirect, 119 electrically heated, 109 indirect, 118 key valves, 119 size of, 122 use of common boiler, 126 Rain gauges, 161 Rain penetrating roof, 27 Rainfall effects, 11 tables, 383 Rainwater pipes, 287 separators, 175 storage tanks, 176 stored, 175 Ram double-acting, 240 hydraulic, 239 hydrostat, 240 Ramps for sewers, 365 disadvantages, 365 use of, 332 Rapid gravity filters, 185 INDEX Rapid-hardening cement, 420 Reflective surfaces, 149 Reflux values, 231 Refuse, house average calorific value, 458 average composition, 458 collection and disposal, 492 destructors, 466 storage, the Garchey system, 461 Remodelling old drains, 346 Reservoirs capacity of impounding, 193 different types, 192 impounding, 193 Residuals, 470 Respiration, effect of, 47 Ridge ventilators, 64 Ridges, 31 Rising main, 206 Rivers r pollution in last century, 384 prevention of pollution, 3887 water, 174 Road gullies, 367 Rods boning, 335 drain, 348 Roman cement, 421 Roofs, eaves gutters for flat, 37 Rural districts, notes, 482 Rust cement, 432 legal SAFES, LEAD, 215 Salts, iron, 183 Salvage, 464 Sand, 422 filtration, 184 substitutes, 422 Sandstone, 163 Sanitary accommodation, 488 in factories, 489 Sanitary conditions, legal notes, 489 Sanitary fittings, position of, 382 Sanitary matters, princi- pal statutes dealing with, 482 501 Sanitary survey, example of, 447 Sarking felt, 30 Scotch mist, 12 Sea fog, 12 Sea, discharge into, 388 Self-cleansing gradients, 304 Septic tank installations, 414 interception, 316 Septic tanks, 395 anaerobic action in, 396 Service pipes, 206 Service reservoirs, 194 Service tanks, 210 Setting-out drains, 335 Sewage bacteria, 385 composition, 384 defined, 350 early history, 350 farms, ‘‘standby”’ filter for, 8392 lifts, 344 outfall, 850 screens, 392 Shone ejector, 344 volume of, 379 Sewerage, 350 (and see Sewage) Sewers combined system, 352 concrete precast, 354 connections to, 840 definition, 483 egg-shaped, 356; in brickwork, 857 gradients for, 383 grips for pipe, 359 invert blocks for brick, 357 maintenance of, 487 manholes, 361, 363 open cutting versus tunnelling, 359 pipe, 354 publie and private, 488 ramps for, 365 self-cleansing ties, 383 service, 353 trenches and timbering, veloci- 359 tunnelling or open cut- ting, 359 ventilation, 877 worked example for combined, 381 Sheringham valve, 55 Shone & Ault system, 379 502 Shone sewage ejector, 344 Sight rails for gradients, 335 “Sill ratio’’, 154 Single-stack plumbing, 2938 Single-trap siphonie W.C. pans, 255 Sinks butlers’, 270 drip, 270 pantry, 270 slop, 270 types of, 269 Siphon spillways, 372 Slate beds, 400 Slope of roofs, 28 Slot overflows, 263 Sludge activated process, 409; advantages of, 410 digestion, 412 disposal, 411 Smoke abatement, 478 Smoke test (for pipes), 434 applying, 437 Soda-ash process, 181 Soft copper tubes, 204 Soft waters, 183 oe Soil ” definition, 291 pipes, 287, 291, 444 Soil “*made”’, 15 porosity, 14 Solder, 431 Specific heat, 90 Springs, 164 Sprinklers, 405 **Spruce-thrower”’ soil unit, 280 ““Spun”’ iron pipes, 427 Stable drainage, 347 Stainton valve, 189 ‘*Standby”’ filter, 392 Stanton Cornelius joint, 198 Statute law for sanitary matters, 480 Statutes, principal, 482 Steam disinfectors, 475 exhaust heating, 148 heating, 141, 145 low-pressure, 142; boiler, 142; circuit, 142; radiators, 142 pumps, 237 traps, 143 use of, 475 vacuum heating, 145 INDEX Steel, cast iron and wrought iron, 426 Steining, 166 Stopcocks and valves, 205 Storage Garchey system of, 461 rainwater tanks, 176 tanks, 177 Stored rainwater, 175 Storm water, 880 overflows, 371 Stoves, closed and open- able, 99 Street-cleansing, 497 Street sweepings, 472 Street-watering, 472 Sub-floor ventilation, 22 Subsoil water, 359 Substitutes for stone, 423 Surface water collecting grounds, 175 separator, 373 Surfaces impermeable, 380 road, 472 Surveyor’s level, use of, 336 broken TANKS anaerobic action in, 396 combined cylinder sys- tem, 233 construction of storage, 177 continuous-flow set- tling, 894 Dortmund, 395 horizontal and vertical flow precipitation, 895 hydrolytic, 396 interception from cess- pool, 316 intermittent-flow set- tling, 394 manholes in, 224 precipitation, 394 septic, 316, 395 Tapering gullies, 32 Tapping water mains un- der pressure, 202 Taps for drinking water, 219 reversal of flow, 228 spring lever, 221 Teale’s experiments, 97 Temperature germated, 469 Temperature measure- ment, 88 Ternary alloys of lead, 208, 428 Terra-cotta, 418 Testing new drains, 340 stoneware pipes, 442 Thermometer scales, 89 Thermostatic control, 81, 1ll Thermostatic recircula- tion control, 81 Tidal estuary, discharge of sewage, 388 Timbering trenches, 337 Timbers, ventilation of ends, 32 Tin-lined lead pipes, 429 Tipping Tobin tube, 56 **Tolerances’’, 299 Topsoil, importance of, 391 Transfer of heat, 90 Trapped gullies, 288 Trapping of outlets, 272 Traps “anti-D”, 275 anti-siphonage, 281 bad types of, 274 design of intercepting, 318 disconnecting, 445 grease, 291, 311, 445 gullies, +45 intercepting, 318 lead, 430 materials, 275 not needing siphonage, 281 Se? ave anti- special forms of inter- cepting, 315 Traveller or boning rod, 335 Tree roots and drains, 304 Trenches, timbering, 337 Tributary sewers, 350 Trough closets, 255 Tub feeding destructors, 468 Tube, Tobin, 56 Tubes jointing copper, 210 light-gauge copper, 204 soft copper, 204 . ee a * ——— oo Two-pipe drop 132 Two pipes with vertical risers, 133 system, * UNIT” HEATERS, 106 Upland surface water, 172 Upward Plenum system, 50, 75, 82 Urinals, 271 Urinettes, 271 VACUUM SYSTEM application of, 72 applied to workshop, 72 disadvantage, 51 steam heating, 145 Valleys in roofs, 31 Values of illumination, 152 Valves Arnott, 61 ball, 212 bib-valve, the Kelvin, 220 Croydon, 212 equilibrium, 214 flap valves for flushing, 369 Portsmouth, 214 radiator control, 119 reducing, 144 safety, 225 Stainton, 139 stopcocks and, 205 water main, 200 W.C. flushing, 261 Vapour-producing lamps and sprays, 478 Vehicles used for dust col- lection, 462 Velocities for sewers, 383 Velocity in air ducts, 67 INDEX Ventilating central schemes, 64 fan, 70 gas fires, 102 grates, 58 Plenum schemes, 74 radiators, 58 stoves, 68 testing, 84 unit schemes, 64 vacuum schemes for, 69 weather effects on, 69 Ventilation accidental, 66 balanced, 74 by-laws, model, 324 eonditions of _ satis- factory, 49 drain, 321, 324, 376 formulae, 65 natural principles of, 49 sewer, 375, 377 sub-floor, 22 Ventilators deep bead, 54 hospital, 54 ridge, 64 Verminous persons, 476 Vertical drop system, 130 Vita glass, 148 WALLS finishes, 39 partition, 39 Warning pipe, 218 ““Wash-down”’, the, 252 Waste soil-pipes, 444 Waste water and baths, 267 hopper head, 290 pipes, weight of, 285 rainwater pipes, 28 trapped gullies, 290 503 Water acid, 183 carriage system, 247 closet cisterns, 257 closet design, 249 closet joints, 276 closet planning, 249 hardness in, 179, 180 head of, 195, 439 mains, jointing, 197 mains, valves, 200 pressure, 195, 439 quality of, 157 river, 174 service pipes, 207 -slop closets, 247 soft, 183 softening hard, 180 storm, 380 subsoil, 859 supply, sources of, 163 surface, 379 test in sanitary surveys, 438 fixing, treatment for purifica- tion, 160 tube boilers, 112 upland surface, 172 Water-gas, 151 Watering, street, 472 Watertight work, 424 Weather flow, dry, 379 Weirs, leap, 873 Wells, 165 Abyssinian tube, 172 deep, 168 shallow, 166 “Wiped” joint, 283 Wrought iron, 426 ZINC, 431