Introduction and Background

Gass PD Liss = Book. Cm CopiightN? CoPmicHr DEPosi: Bandages and Bandaging for Nurses By M. Cordelia Cowan President of the Colorado State Board of Nurse Examiners Superintendent of Nurses, Longmont Hospital, Longmont, Colorado Formerly Instructor of Nurses, Minnequa Hospital of The Color- ado Fuel and Iron Company, Pueblo, Colorado With 139 Illustrations Philadelphia and London W. B. SAUNDERS COMPANY 1920 Copyright, 1920, by W. B. Saunders Company. PRINTED IN AMERICA PRESS OF We ®. SAUNDERS COMPANY PHILADELPHIA EC 18 1920 OcLacoso41 TO MY STUDENT NURSES THIS LITTLE BOOK IS SINCERELY DEDICATED PREFACE Tue study periods and the recitation periods of the student nurse are a limited amount of time. The aim of this little book is to give to these student nurses the fully illustrated fundamentals of the science of bandaging in as condensed a form as possible. It is bandages and bandaging treated upon from the standpoint of a nurse, and the book is, as the title implies, a book especially for nurses. Mace G: November, 1920. CONTENTS Ro.ier Banpaces.... Material: 12 Part: 14 Application. 15 Turns... 15 To Roll. . 18 To Hand to 27 To Apply. 7 To Fix... a To Secure or Fasten. . 27 To Remove... 31 Upper Extremity. . Ipurenene maaan te 1 Spiral Reverse Bandage......... PGOCeAEN ees Figure-of-8 Bandage of Elbow.......... 39 Ascending Spica of Thumb.............. . 4 Descending Spica of Thumb................. 44 Bandage of One Finger...... 46 Small Bandage of One Finger 48 Gauntlet Bandage. . 52 Demigauntlet Bandage. ae Recurrent Bandage for Fist or Saunas Henapor. lee Lower Extremity. . 57 Spiral Reverse Bandage. 57 Complete Bandage of Foot 58 65 Occipitofacial Bandage. 65 Jaw Bandoge 69 Monocle or Bandage of One oe 77 4 CONTENTS Rover Banpaces—Head: Pace Binocle or Bandage of Both Eyes............ 78 Recurrent Bandage ol Double-headed Recurrent Bandage. . 83 White's Bandage or Wioure-of 8) Bacdiee at Head and Neck. 03 oc. ..7 2 eee 1 Hunter’s V Bandage or Figure-of-8 Bandage Of Head soca. seine eats ee 93 Cowan’s Bandage of Ear or Mastoid Process.. 95 Gibson’s Bandage. 96 Barton’s Bandage. . 103 Trunk. Le Figure-of-8 Bandage of Neck and Axilla...... 112 Figure of 8 Bandage of Back and Shoulders: ita Figure-of-8 Bandage of Trunk and Axilla..... Spiral Bandage of Chest............ . 116 Ascending Spica of Groin...... 119 Double Ascending Spica of Groin 121 Suspensory of Breast. . 122 Double Suspensory of Breasts. . Brera 8 Velpeau’s Bandage............00000c0ee0eee 128 Desault’s Dressing yee eee eee Bee 5 Piaster BanpacEs. Cee a ne eaie es eae ene 143 Preparation of Plaster Bendeees To Apply Plaster Bandages....... q Removal of Cast... .. RON RMOSIOE AA NsAncwe: 1) Hanpkercuier BANDAGES.......... wns eS Triangle Handkerchief Bandages. .. Fronto-occipital Triangle. . Hand Triangle Brachiocervical Triangle or Sling........ Triangle of Foot. Triangle of One Breast. | 154 CONTENTS 5 Hanpxkercuier Banpaces—Triangle Handkerchief pace Bandages: Triangle of Both Breasts or Thoracicoscapular fimiangles es. : ness eee ewe nee 154 Triangle of Buttocks or Diaper or Sacropubic Triangle Cravat Handkerchief Bandag Cravat of Head or Occ’ itofrontomentovertico Cravat.... e156 Brachiocervical Crava «A ) Cravat of Arm..... 160 Cravat of Thigh.. - 161 TaiLep BanpacEs oR BINDERS................00.05 Four-tailed Bandage........ Four-tailed Bandage of Gita, T-Bandage or T-Binder To Apply T-Bandage or T-Binder. Double Tailed T-Bandage. . Y-Bandage or Y-Binder.. - Bro iApply W-Bandase of the Breasts. . 166 V-Bandage or V-Binder. ..... 5 To Apply V-Bandage. . Scultetus or Many-tailed Binder To Apply Scultetus Binder. Straight Abdominal Binder. ...... To Apply Abdominal Binder Fitted Breast Binder........... To Apply Fitted Breast Binder.. 36 37 Be ceaee LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Circular Turns. . Spiral Turns. . ee First Step of Spiral Reverse Turn Last Step of Spiral Reverse Turn Recurrent Turns Oblique Turn. Figure-of-8 Turn Forming a Core of a Roller Bandage. Rolling a Bandage. ‘ Rolling a Bandage. Handing a Bandage. Holding a Bandage . Placing the Initial Extremity. . Methods of Fastening a Bandage Removing a Bandage....... Removing a Finger Bandage. : Carrying the Bandage Across the Dorsum of Hand. Spiral Reverse Turn Around Fingers.............. Figure-of-8 Turns Around the Palm of the Hand. Bandage of Upper Extremity. . Circular Turn About Point of El First Loop of Figure-of-8 Turn ‘About Ow. Bandage of Upper Extremity, Arm Flexed. Circular Turns Around Point of Elbow... First Loop of Figure-of-8 Turn of Elbo Figure-of-8 Turn About Elbow Figure-of-8 Bandage of Elbow...... Beginning of Figure-of-8 Turn of Thumb Ascending Spica of Thumb. Circular Turn of Base of Thumb. Descending Spica of Thumb . Spiral Turn of Finger. Bandage of One Fingei Recurrent Turns. .... Small Bandage of One Finger Small Bandage of One Finger. Circular Turn Around End of Finger...... 8 Fro. 38 39 40 41 42 ao ye) LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Gauntlet Bandage Circular Turn Around Base of Finger Demigauntlet Bandage......... Bandage of Fist or Stump. Oblique Turn of Ankle. . Carrying the Bandage Diagonally ‘Across the Dor- sum of the Foot Spiral Reverse Turn Around Foot Bandage of Foot. . Figure-of-8 Bandag Bandage of Lower Extremity Circular Turn Around Point of Heel. Around Point of Heel on Inside of Foot. Around Point of Heel on Outer Side of Foot. Complete Bandage of Foot......... Vertical Circular Turn Around Face. Right-angled Reverse... .. Occipitofacial Bandage Circular Horizontal Turn / Beneath Ear of Sound Side and Uncer Chin. Up Injured Side of Face..... Jaw Bandage (Side of Inju Jaw Bandage (Sound Side)... From Ramus of Jaw to Tuberosity of Parietal Bone Bandage of One Eye, or Monocle. 5 Bandage of Both Eyes, ot Binocle.. . Right-angled Reverse. Recurrent Bandage of Gs Recurrent Bandage of Head. a Placing Double Roller Bandage. P Passing Roller of Right Hand Over Roller of Left Hand. : . Reverse at “Occiput. Bringing Roller of Left Hand Down Over Horizontal Ribar Chere oe GRO ee Os mcs coe 22 Passing Roller of Right Hand Over Bandage of Recurrent Turns Reverse at the Frontal Portion of the Head. Circular Horizontal Turns of Both Bodies of Double LGN ae eyerigies Gece eo array conEe yen LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 9 Frc. Pace 73 White’s Bandage..... 93 74 Circular Turn About C1 o4 75 Hunter’s V-Bandage 95 76 Covering Lobe of Rar and Mastoid Process....... 97 77 Covered Mastoid Process and Slit Ends of Bandage 98 78 Ends Pulled Through Underneath Bandage to Opposite Sides...0- 000 ce cece ce ceeee ec ee ees 99 79 Cowan’s Bandage of tar or Mastoid Process. oe) 80 Vertical and Occipitofrontal Turns of Gibson’s RaNGAgeD eee aan Coe eee ny co ueceesiny ove LY) 81 Third Gar of Turns of Gibson’s Bandage....... 101 82 Back View of Gibson’s Bandage............... 102 83 Placing of Initial Extremity of Barton’s Bandage. . 103 84 Passing Roller from Occiput to Vertex. 105 85 Down Sound Side of Face. 106 86 Up Injured Side of Face... 107 87 Fixing of Barton’s Bandage.. 108 88 Last Step of First Turn of Barton’s Bandage. 109 89 Completed First Turn of Barton’s Bandage 110 90 Barton’s Bandage... .... 62. ..00ccee yen uceeees 11 91 Oblique Method: Fixing of Figure-of-8 Bandage of Neck and Axilla 113 92 Figure-of-8 Bandage of Neck and Axilla... 113 93 Fixing by Oblique Method: Bandage of Back and Shoulders. 114 94 Bandage of 115 95 Crossing Bandage at Median Line o! ly: 96 Spica Gr shoulder: Ba enone o od? 97 Spiral Bandage of Chest. . 118 98 Beginning First Turn of Spica of Groin 119 99 Spica of Groin. mL 20) 100 Oblique Method: ‘Fixing of Bandage of Groin... 121 101 Double Bandage of Groin. 122 102 Oblique Method of Fixing Bandage ‘of One Breast. 123 103 Bandage of One Breast. : 104 First Turn of Bandage View View 106 Bandage of Both Breasts. . 128 10 Fro. 107 108 109 110 phd 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129, 130 131 152) 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Pace Fixing of Velpeau’s Bandage 129 Second Turn of Velpeau’s Bandage 130 Velpeau’s Bandage... 131 Wedge-shaped Pad . 132 Fixing of First Roller of Desault’s Dressing 133 Spiral Turns of First’ Roller of Desault’s Dressing. 133 The First Re ler of Desault’s Dressing, Front View 134 The First Roller of Desault’s Dressing, Back View 135 Fixing of Second Roller of Desault’s Dressing. .... The Second Roller of Desault’s Dressing......... 138 Placing of Initial Extremity of Third Roller of De- sault’s Dressing Fixing of Third Roller of Desault’s Dressing. Back View of First Turn of Third Roller of De- sault’s Dressing 141 Desault’s Dressing. . 142 Grasping Plaster-of-Paris Bandage 145 Wringing Plaster-of-Paris Bandage. . 146 Bronte occipital! Triangle: Triangle of Han angle of One Breast... Fronto-occipital Triangle Cravat of Arm...... Brachiocervical T; Triangle of Foot. Triangle of Foot. Triangle of Buttoc Simple Knot in Cravat............ Separating Folds of the Knot. Occipitofrontomentovertico Cravat. Brachiocervical Cravat..... Sige ae A, Four-tailed Bandage; B, T-Binder; C, Double Tailed T-Bandage; D, Y-Bandage or Binder; E, V-Binder; F, Scultetus Binder; G, Straight Ab- dominal Binder; H, Fitted Breast Binder 163 Four-tailed Bandage of Chin... 164 T-Bandage or T-Binder. . 165 V-Bandage or V-Binder 167 Scultetus Binder...... 109 Straight Abdominal Binder. ...... ree) Fitted Breast Binder BANDAGES AND BANDAGING FOR NURSES BANDAGING Banpacinc is the art of applying a material to retain other materials, to exert pressure, to sup- port, or to immobilize. Purposes: 1. Retain dressings and splints. 2. Exert pressure. 3. Support. 4, Immobilize. Kinds: 1. Roller bandages. 2. Handkerchief bandages. 3. Tailed bandages or binders. ROLLER BANDAGES The roller bandage is a strip of material so wound upon itself as to form a compact roll. Size: 1. Length, 2 to 10 yards. 2. Width, 2 inch to 6 inches. Fingers, | Length, 2 to 5 yards. Toes Width, % inch to 14 inches. 12 BANDAGES AND BANDAGING FOR NURSES Head, Neck, Hands, | Length, 2 to 10 yards. Forearms,| Width, 2 to 23 inches. Feet, Legs Arms, Chess, Length, 2 to 10 yards. Hie Width, 2% to 4 inches. Length, 2 to 10 yards. Trunk eh 3 to 6 inches. MATERIALS 1. Gauze is light, cool, soft, pliable, and ab- sorbent. Bandages prepared from gauze may be made entirely by machinery and come prepared for use. They may be partially prepared by machinery. The material comes in long rolls which may be cut into the desired widths by means of a very sharp knife. They may be made en- tirely by hand. The material is either cut or torn into the desired widths and then rolled by hand. The strips of material may also be rolled by means of the hand roller bandage machine. The nature of gauze makes the bandage one especially useful to retain dressings and splints. ROLLER BANDAGES 13 2. Muslin is heavier and stronger than gauze, but not so pliable. The bandages are prepared either by machinery or by hand. The muslin bandages are used where support, but not elas- ticity, is needed. 3. Flannel is soft, pliable, and protective. The bandages made from flannel are torn or cut into desired widths and rolled by hand. This ban- dage is used where warmth or protection is needed. 4. Flannellet is used as a substitute for flannel where less warmth is desired. It is also less irri- tating to the skin. 5. Cotton wadding is non-absorbent cotton in sheet form. Bandages are cut or torn from these sheets, rolled, and used as a protective material under casts. 6. Webbing is a woven material. The ban- dages, woven in the desired widths, are elastic, and, therefore, they are suitable to exert pressure evenly. 7. Woven elastic is an elastic woven material made of cotton and rubber. The bandages come prepared and are used to exert pressure. 8. Rubber is a very elastic material. The ban- dages are made in the desired widths and are known as Esmarch’s rubber bandages. Rubber 14 BANDAGES AND BANDAGING FOR NURSES bandages may be made by cutting rubber material into the correct widths, but they do not make as satisfactory bandages as those prepared for use. Rubber bandages are used for pressure, even to that extent as to cause restriction of circulation. 9. Crinoline is a stiff, loosely woven material. It is cut or torn into the desired widths, incor- porated with starch, silicate of soda, paraffin, or plaster of Paris to make bandages for support. PARTS Single Roller Bandage.—The single roller is a rolled strip of material which has the following parts: 1. Body, the roll of bandage. 2. Inner surface, the surface that when rolled upon the bandage is toward the center. 3. Outer surface, the surface that is on the out- side of the roll of the bandage. 4, Initial extremity, the free end of the roll of bandage. 5. Terminal extremity, the end in the center of the roller. 6. Upper border, the edge designated by the relation it bears to the subject, or that border which is nearest the patient’s head. ROLLER BANDAGES 15 7. Lower border, the opposite of upper border. Double Roller Bandage.—The double roller is a bandage which differs from the single roller only in that it has two bodies instead of one. It has no initial extremity, but has two terminal extrem- ities. APPLICATION TURNS By passing the bandage around or over a part we form what is known as a turn. 1. Circular turn, a turn which overlaps exactly the preceding turn (Fig. 1). 2. Spiral turn, a turn which deviates from the course of the preceding turn in a like manner to the threads of a screw, usually overlapping from one- third to three-fourths the width of the bandage (Fig. 2). 3. Spiral reverse turn, a turn which, in order to fit the increasing dimensions of the part, necessi- tates a reverse. Place the thumb of the left hand on the bandage to hold from slipping. Un- roll enough bandage to reach to the other side of the part you are bandaging. Allow the bandage between the thumb of the left hand and the roller held in the right hand to be slack. Pronate the right hand and carry the bandage underneath the 16 BANDAGES AND BANDAGING FOR NURSES Fig. 1.—Circular turns. ROLLER BANDAGES 17 Fig, 2.—Spiral turns. 18 BANDAGES AND BANDAGING FOR NURSES part to the other side (Fig. 3). Not until then is the slack removed by the traction necessary to produce the same tension as that used in the rest of the bandage (Fig. 4). 4, Recurrent turn, a turn which is caught back upon itself, either exactly over or overlapping the preceding turn (Fig. 5). 5. Oblique turn, a turn which at the point of intersection of the roller is brought obliquely over the initial extremity (Fig. 6). 6. Figure-of-8 turn, a turn which is made up of two converging loops or oblique turns made in different directions around different parts (Fig. 7). To ROLL 1. Fold the terminal end of the bandage upon itself until a sufficient amount is had to make a core (Fig. 8). 2. Grasp longitudinally between the thumb and the index-finger of the left hand. Hold so that the outer surface of the bandage is uppermost (Fig. 9). 3. Revolve by thumb and finger of right hand. 4, Guide bandage, in order to roll neatly, by al- lowing it to slip through between the index-finger and middle finger of the right hand (Fig. 10). ROLLER BANDAGES Fig. 3.—First step of spiral reverse turn. 19 20 BANDAGES AND BANDAGING FOR NURSES Fig. 4.—Last step of spiral reverse turn, ROLLER BANDAGES —Recurrent turns. 22 BANDAGES AND BANDAGING FOR NURSES Fig. 6.—Oblique turn.