Complete Text (Part 39)

of, 184; passes through plant membranes, 293; solubilities, 226-228. Alkalis, properties of, 77, 78. Alkaloids, 309; kinds of, 310; sources of, 310, 311. Allotropy, 30. Althaea, powdered, 321. Alum, 84. Aluminum, compounds of, 221; decom- poses, 138; description of, 212; salts, 212; sources of, 212. Amara, 303. Ammonia, definition of, 77 ; description of, 178. Ammonium, compounds of, 220; salts, 178. Anion, 67. Anode, 67. Antimonite, 185. Antimony, compounds of, 222; decom- poses, 138; description of, 200; wine of, 351. Apprentices, 14. Aquae, 333. Aqua Regia, 196. Archimedes's Law, 255. Argon, definition of, 48. Arsenic, 138, 139; compounds of, 200, 222: description of, 200. Atomic Hypothesis, 136. Atomic Valence, 87-93. Atomic Weight, 28, 57. Atoms, 26; algebraic combining num- bers of, 93-100; atomic hypothesis, 56; atomic linking, 90; atomic mo- tion, 56; atomic valence, 87-93; atom- ic weights, 28, 57 ; changes in combin- ing numbers of, 151-153. Attraction, 24; molecular, 33. Avogadro's Law, 58. Barium, 210; compounds of, 220. Bases, 79; properties and functions of , 80. Bead's, Specific Gravity, 256. Beauxite, 212. Benzoates, water-soluble, 226. Berthollet's Doctrine, 134, 135. Binary Compounds, 71-74. Bismuth, attacks, 139; compounds of , 407 408 INDEX 222; decomposes, 138; description of, 218. Boiling Point, 37. Bonds, 89. Borates, soluble, 225. Borax, definition of, 121 ; formula for, 209. Boron, adamantine, ignites in, 128 ; compound of, 203. Bougies, 328. Brass, 216. Brimstone, 198. Bromides, 73 ; soluble, 223. Bromine, decomposes, 127; description of, 197; exercises polarity, 131, 132; sources of, 197. Bunsen Burner, 267. Cadmium, compounds of, 221. Calcination, 268. Calcium, carbonate, 84; color of, 210; compounds of, 211, 220; hydroxide, 84; oxide, 84, 85; sources of, 210. Calomel, 217. Carbohydrates, 291, 292. Carbon, chemical properties of, 201; compounds of, 201 , 202 ; description of, 201 ; dioxide, description of, 202; dioxide, forms of, 84, 202 ; monoxide, 202. Carbonates, soluble, 225. Cataplasms, 323. Cellulose, 292. Cerates, 326; in Pharmacopoeia, 394. Cerium, compounds of, 221. Chalk, 84; mixture, 341. Chemical Nomenclature, 116; accords with periodic system, 172. Chemical Notation, system of, 103. Chemical Polarity, 66-69. Chemicals, inorganic, 6; medicinal, 5; organic, 6. Chemism, 40; affected by, 41. Chlorates, soluble, 224. Chlorides, definition of, 196; hydrogen, 196; of alkali metals, 128; soluble, 223; tincture of ferric, 348. Chlorine, chemical properties of, 196; decomposes, 127; description of, 195; exercises polarity, 131, 132; oxidiz- ing agent, 155, 158; sources of, 195. Chromium, 215; compounds of, 215, 221. Citrates, soluble, 225; wine of ferric citrate, 351. Clay, 212. Clerks, 13. Coal Oil, 202. Cobalt, compounds of, 221. Cohesion, 33; effects of heat upon, 36; of elements, 49 ; properties of matter resulting from, 34; states of, 34. Collodions, 342; in Pharmacopoeia, 394. Combining Energy, 127-132. Combining Numbers, algebraic, 93-100, 151-162. Combining Proportions, 53-56. Combustion, definition of, 41 ; in res- piration, 181, 183. Committee of Revision, 359. Compounds, binary, classes of, 72,73; binary, definition of, 71 ; binary, names of, 72; binary, titles for, 383; chemical, 27; chemical, titles of inorganic, 382, 383; ferric, 214; fer- rous, 214. Condensation Point, 37. Condensers, dome-shaped, 283; Lie- big's, 282; Mitscherlich's, 282, 283. Confections, 319; in Pharmacopoeia, 394. Contusion, 269. Copper, compounds of, 216, 222; decomposes, 138; description of, 215; mines, 216. Corrosive Sublimate, 217. Cryolite, 212. Crystallization, 283, 284. Crystallizers, 284. Crystals, obtained by, 285. Cyanides, 224. Cyanogen, 202. Decoction, 276; formula for, 346; most common, 346, 347. Decompositions, double, 145. Density, 21; of gas, 37; of metals, 49; vapor densities, 58. INDEX 409 Dialysis, 292. Digestion, 275 ; effectiveness of, 275-276 ; temperature of, 275. Digitalis, 17. Displacement, circulatory, 273. Dissociation, 132. Distillation, 281; dry, 268. Doses, in Pharmacopoeia. 404. Drugs, animal, 5; constituents of, as guides in preparation, 294; crude, 4; fresh, 291; inorganic or mineral, 4; mechanical division of, 269; officinal, 11; plant, 291; plant, chemical con- stituents of, 311, 312; plant, contain- ed in pharmacopoeias, 361; plant, definition of, 366, 367; plant, descriptions of, occurring in pharma- copoeias, 367-370; plant, titles of, 364-366; vegetable, 5; vegetable, chemical constituents of, 291-312; vegetable, titles of, in Pharmaco- poeia, 404. Ductility, 49. Dulong and Petit's Law, 61. Dynamite. 178. Electricity, 23; conductors of, 50; effects of, 40. Electrode, 67. Electrolytes, 67. Electrolysis, 67. Electuaries, 319. Elements, 25; basic" function of, 131; chemical, 46; chemical, table of, 46- 48 ; classification of, 26; cohesion of 49 ; colors of, 49 ; density of, 49 ; ener- getic, 127; luster of, 49; positive and negative, 65; table of, 171. Elutriation, 271. Emulsions, 336; gum-resin, 338; hydro- cyanated, 338; in Pharmacopoeia, 394; of chloroform, 341; of fixed oils, 338, 339; of seeds, 336, 337. Endings, ic and ous, 117; of Latinic ti- tles, 379-382. Energy, 22; forms of, 23; indestructi- bility of, 22; kinetic, 24; potential, 23, 24. Energy, combining, 127-132. Evaporation, 281. Excipients, 320; adhesive dry, 321 ; dry, 321 ; wet or moist, 322. Exsiccation, 268. Extraction Methods, 274. Extracts, 345-357; fluid, 351, 352; in Pharmacopoeia, 398; kinds of, 8; of calabar bean, 17; solid, 353-355-, solid, added to plasters, 327. Factors, 132. Ferricyanides, 224. Ferrocyanides, 224. Filter, paper, 280. Filtration, 280. Fluids, 35. Fluorides, 73 ; of alkali metals, 128. Fluorine, 195. Formulas, constitutional or structural, 109; empiric, 108; for perparations, in Pharmacopoeia, 404; magistral, 9; molecular, 108; molecular, how to write, 105-107, 109-116; symbolic, 104; working, contained in Pharma- copoeia, 375. Frangula, 311. Freezing Point, 36. Fusibility, of metals, 50. Fusible Solids, 36. Fusing Point, 36. Gargles, 342. Gases, 35; diffusion of, 40; volume of, 37. Gay-Lussac's Proposition, 60. Glucose-syrup, 322. Glucosides, 308; effect of, in drugs, 309. Glycerin, use in pills, 322. Glycerites, 336; in Pharmacopoeia, 398. Gold, compounds of, 218, 222; descrip- tion of, 218; dissolves in, 137. Granulation, 284. Granules, 323. Gravitation, 21. Gums, classes of, 295; term misused, 296. Guncotton, 178. Halides, 73; definition of, 195; formed by, 82. Halogens, 131, 194. Heat, 23, 35; conductors of, 50; effects 410 INDEX upon cohesion, 36; for pharmaceuti- cal purposes, 267; latent, 37; spe- cific, 60, 61; temperature, 35. Hydrocarbons, 202. Hydrogen, arsenide of, 74; boride, 74; carbide, 74; combines with, 48; de- scription of, 187; importance of, 188; methods of preparation of, 187, 188; nitride of, 74, phosphide of, 74; sili- cide, 74. Hydrogen Chlorides, 196. Hydrometer, 257, 258. Hydroxides, 74; alkaline, 130; calcium, 84; ferrous, 119; of light metals, 131 ; of non-metallic elements, 131; phos- phoric, 120; sulphuric, 120; water- soluble, 223, 226. Hypo, 117. Hypochlorites, 224. Hypophosphites, water-soluble, 225. Ic, endings, 117. Impenetrability, 20. Inertia, 22. Infusion, definition of, 276; of cin- chona, 345; of digitalis, 346; of sen- na, 346; of wild cherry, 345; rule of, 345. Infusions, in Pharmacopoeia, 398. Injections, 342. International Metric Bureau, 234; standards of, 242. Iodides, 73; insoluble, 224; soluble, 223. Iodine, character of, 197; polarity of, 69; polarity, exercises, 131, 132; sources of, 197; specific weight of, 197 ; tincture of, 348. Ions, 38. Irish Moss Jelly, 340. Iron, atomic weight of, 167; bitter wine of, 351; compounds of, 214, 221; decomposes, 138; description of, 214; dissolves in, 143. Ration, 67. Krypton, definition of, 48. Lactates, water-soluble, 325. Lard, 325. Latinic Nomenclature in Pharmaco- poeia, 379-389. Law of Dulong and Petit, 61. Laws of Proportions, 56. Lead, color, 215; compounds of, 215, 222; dissolves in and decomposes, 138. Levigation, 270. Licorice Root, powdered, 321. Light, 40; effects of, 40. Lime, 84; sulphated, 224. Limestone, 84. Liniments, 342; in Pharmacopoeia, 399. Liquids, 35; clarification of, 279; diffu- sion of, 40; vaporizable, 36; volatile, 36. Lithium, 209; compounds of, 220; striking properties of, 210. Litmus, 142; paper, 142. Lotions, 341; kinds of, 342. Lozenges, 319. Maceration, 274. Magnesium, 185; compounds of , 212, 220; description of, 211. Malaguti's Doctrine, 133, 134, 136. Malleability, 49. Managers, 13. Manganese, 215; compounds, 222. Marble, 84. Mariotte's Law, 37. Mass, 21. Masses, 319; in Pharmacopoeia, 399. Materia Pharmaceutica, 4. Matter, 20; chemical properties of, 30; compound, 27; kinds of, 25; physical properties of, 29; properties of, 22; specific properties related to energy, 24. Measures and Weights, 231-247; com- parative tables, 243-245. Medicines, 3. Menstruum, employed in extracts, 8. Mercury, attacks, 139; compounds of, 216, 217, 222; description of, 216. Meta-compounds, 119-122. Metals, alkali, 207; alkaline earth, 210; chemical behavior of, 50, 51; chemical action of, 131; conductors of heat, 50; definition of, 26; density of, 49; fusibility of, 50; heavy, 213; IKDEX 411 light, 207; luster of, 49; solubility in, 50; volatility of, 50. Metals, The, alkali, 207; heavy, 213; light, 207. Metaphosphates, soluble, 224, 225. Metathesis, 133. Metric System, 231-234; defects of, 235; tables of, 236. Mill, iron, 269. Mixtures, 8, 28; chalk, 341 ; in Pharma- copoeia, 399. Moisture, hygroscopic, 40. Molds, 329. Molecular Weight, 28, 57. Molecules, 27; compound, 28; elemen- tal, 27; molecular weights, 28, 57. Morphine, 4; contains nitrogen, 178. Mortars, iron, 269; pill, 320; solution, 273; trituration, 270. Mother -liquor, 284. Motion, 22; Mucilage, dry, 296; normal or physio- logical, 295; of acacia, 334; of sassa- fras pith, 335; of slippery elm bark, 335; of tragacanth, 335. Neon, definition of, 48. Neutralization, 142. Nickel, atomic weight of, 167; com- pounds of, 221; decomposes, 138; description of, 214. Nitrates, soluble, 224. Nitride, of hydrogen, 74. Nitrites, soluble, 224. Nitrogen, combines with, 178; com- pounds of, 178; methods of prepara- tion, 177; pentoxide, 179; tetroxide, 179. Nitroglycerin, 178. Nitrosyl, 179. Nomenclature, 116, 119; Latinic, in Pharmacopoeia, 379-389. Notation, chemical, 103. Officine, 10. Oils, emulsions of, 338; fixed oils, fats, waxes, 299; fixed oils, dissolved in, 301; fixed ons, insoluble, 300; in Pharmacopoeia, 399 ; volatile, 304; volatile as stimulants, 306 ; volatile, constituents of, 304; volatile, odors of, 305. Ointments, 324; medicated, 325; preparation of, 325, 326. Oleates, in Pharmacopoeia, 399 ; water- soluble, 226. Oleoresins, 355; in Pharmacopoeia, 399. Operations, pharmaceutical, 267-286. Opium, 311; in Pharmacopoeia, 399. Orthophosphates, soluble, 225. Osmosis, 292. Ous Endings, 117. Oxalates, soluble, 225. Oxidation, definition of, 151, 154; ex- amples of , by combustion, 183-186; explanation of, 152-163; signifies, 18.1. Oxides, 182; nitric, 179; nitrous, 179; phosphoric, 199; water-soluble, 223. Oxygen, combines with, 48; composed of, 180; description of, 180; impor- tance of, 179, 180; oxidizing agent, 156; prepared by, 180. Ozone, 181. Pectin, 294, 295. Pepsin, in Pharmacopoeia, 399. Per, 117. Percentage of Strength, in Pharma- copoeia, 393. Percolation, 276-279. Percolator, 277. Periodic System, 165-173. Petrolatum, 326. Pharmaceutical Operations, 267-286. Pharmaceutical Stills, 281, 282. Pharmacist, 11. Pharmaco-dynamics, 10. Pharmacognosy, 10. Pharmacography, 10. Pharmacology, 9. Pharamacopoeia, eighth revision of, studies in, 393-406; cerates, 394; collodions, 394; confections, 394; doses, 404; emulsions, 394; extracts, 398; formulas for preparations, 404; glycerites, 398; infusions, 398; lini- ments, 399; masses, 399; mixtures, 399; oils, 399; oleates, 399; oleores- 412 INDEX ins, 399; opium, 399; pepsin, 399; percentage, strength, 393; pills, 399; plasters, 394; powders, 399; preparations, 394 ; resins, 399 ; spirits, 399; syrups, 400; tinctures, 400; trit- urations, 400; troches, 400; vegeta- ble drugs, titles of, 404; waters, 394; wine, 400. Pharmacopoeial Convention, 359. Pharmacopoeias, 359-377; definitions of, 10, 359; descriptions found in, 367-370 ; general directions contained in, 375-377; .plant drugs contained in, 361; tests given in, 371-374; value of, 362, 363; working formulas of , 375. Pharmacy, 4 ; laws of , 1 1 ; legitimate, 15 ; responsibilities of, 16, 17; scientific- technical, 15; training necessary in, 14. Phenol Sulphonates, water-soluble, 225. Phosphates, soluble, 224, 225. Phosphide, of hydrogen, 74. Phosphorus, decomposed, 128 ; descrip- tion of, 199; ignites, 128; insoluble in, 199; red, 199; sources of, 200. Physical Bodies, 20. Physical Constant, 36. Pills, 320; coated, 323; in Pharma- copoeia, 399; names of, 287, 288; weight of, 322. Plasters, lead, 326, 327; in Pharma- copoeia, 394; mustard, 323; prepara- tion of, 326, 327. Platinum, description of, 218. Poisons, 3. Polarity, chemical, 66-69. Potassa, sulphated, 224. Potassium, atomic weight of, 166; bicarbonate of, 143 ; color, 208 ; com- pounds of, 208, 219; decomposes, 128; occurrence, 208. Poultice, flaxseed, 323. Powders, 271; compound, 318, 319; dusted, 272; in Pharmacopoeia, 399. Precipitation, 285; chemical results from, 285 ; jars and flasks, 286 ; physi- cal results from, 285. Prefixes, 117; Greek used in metric system, 235; hypo and per, 117. Preparations, extemporaneous, 9; galen- ical, 8 ; in Pharmacopoeia, 394 ; liquid for external use, 341; liquid, not made by extraction, 333-342; official, 10; pharmaceutical, chemical, 9; pharmaceutical, classification of, 317, 318; pharmaceutical, definition of, 7 ; pharmaceutical, description of, 370; pharmaceutical, Latinic titles of, 385-387; solid, 318-329; stock, 7. Products, 132; formation of a volatile, 134. Proportions, combining, 53-56; laws of, 56. Pycnometer, 254. Pyrophosphates, soluble, 224. Questions, Test. See Test Questions. Quinine, contains, 178. Radicals, 133; pairing of, 136. Reactions, acid, 142; alkaline, 142; chemical, 132; chemical, definition of, 132; chemical, explanation of, 133-147; mass, 145; neutral, 142; rule to follow, 146. Reagent, color, 142. Reducing Agent, 162. Reduction, definitions of, 153, 155; ex- planation of, 154, 155. Re-percolation, 279. Repulsion, 24. Resins, 307; in Pharmacopoeia, 399; kinds of, 307; of jalap, 356; of podo- phyllum, 356; of scammony, 356; precipitated, 356. Salicylates, water-soluble, 225. Saltpeter, 83. Salts, 81 ; acid, 143; acid salts neutrali- zed by, 142; aluminum, 212; ammo- nium, 178; epsom, 83,212; formed by alkaloids, 310; Latinic titles of true, 383; names of, 83; nickelous, 138; of normal structure, 142; preparation of metallic, 141 ; sodium, 145; some familiar, 83; tin, 219. Sand Bath, 267. Selenium, 199. Sieves, 271. INDEX 413 Silicon, crystallized, ignites in, 128; most abundant element, 203. Silver, 26; attacks, 139; compounds of, 217,222; decomposes, 138; descrip- tion of, 217. Slippery Elm Bark, mucilage of, 335; powdered, 321. Soap, composition of, 299,300; used, in ointment, 325; in plasters, 327. Soda, baking, 83; washing, 209. Sodium, 127 ; carbonate, 83 ; compounds of, 209, 219: decomposes, 128; salt, 83; sources of, 209. Solids, deliquescent, 40; fusible 36; soluble in, 39; volatile, 36; vapori- zable, 36. Solubility, coefficient of, 39; in alcohol, 226; in water, 219; of metals, 50. Solution, 38; chemical, 137; definition of, 39; formation of, 38; of soluble substances, 273; pharmaceutical, 8; water, 333, 334. Spatula, 270. Species, 318. Specific Gravity, Bead's, 256. See Weight. Specific Heat, 60. Specific Volume, 252. Specific Weight, 251-258. Spirits, 341; in Pharmacopoeia, 399. Starch, glycerite of, 325; glycerite, preparation of, 336; soluble, 293, 294; use, 321. Strontium, 210; soluble compounds, 220. Strychnine, 4, 6; contains, 178. Sublimation, 268. Substances, chemically homogeneous, 29; deliquescent, 40; fixed, 36; gaseous, react, 136; hygroscopic, 39, 40; physically homogeneous, 29; reaction of , 136, 137; titles of medic- inal, 364-366; volatile, introduced into plasters, 327. Substitution, 133. Sugar, contained in, 297; forms alcohol, 298; kinds of, 297, 298; uses of, 297, 298. Sulphates, soluble, 224. Sulphides, formed by , 73 ; water-soluble, 224. Sulphites, soluble, 224. Sulphur, chemical properties of, 199; description of, 198; ignited, 198; insoluble in, 198; negative, 199; occurrence in nature, 198; oxidizing agent, 158; precipitated, 198; posi- tive, 199; sublimed, 198. Suppositories, 328; to make by hand, 329. Smybol, 103. Synthesis, 132. Syrups, 335, 336; in Pharmacopoeia, 400. Tablets, 319. Tannin, classes of. 302, 303 ; compounds of, 303 ; description of, 302 ; sources of, 302. Tartrates, 225. Tellurium, 199. Tenacity, 49. Test Questions, 18,31,42, 51,62,70, 85, 100, 122, 147, 163, 174, 190, 203, 228, 247, 258, 287, 312, 330, 343, 357, 377, 389, 394, 400, 405. Tests, for purity, 363, 37 1 , 372 ; identity, 371; quantitative, 373. Thio-sulphates, soluble, 224. Tin, decomposes, 138; description of, 218; plate destroyed by, 140. Tinctures, 347-349; ammoniated, 350; ethereal, 350; in Pharmacopoeia, 400; of fresh herbs, 349; of ferric chloride, 348; of iodine, 348; of ipecac and opium, 350; of nux •vomica, 350; of soap bark, 340. Tragacanth, 321; mucilage of, 335; use of powdered, 340. Trituration, definition of , 270; use of, 270. Triturations, definition of, 319; in Pharmacopoeia, 400. Troches, 319; in Pharmacopoeia, 400. Units, commensurate, 253; differences between theoretical and actual, 245-247; of metric system, 234, 235; relation of units of weight and measure, 243-245. 414 INDEX Valence, 87; atomic, 87-90; constant, S9; hydrogen, 88; oxygen, 88; table of elements, according to, 171; vari- able, 91. Valerates, soluble, 225. Vaporization, 281. Vapor Tension, 37. Vinegars, 347. Vitriol, blue, 83; green, 83; oil of, 75; white, 83. Volume, 20; expressed by, 252; specific, 252. Water, 186; aromatic, 334. Water Bath, 267. Waters, in Pharmacopoeia, 394. Weight, atomic, 57; definition of, 21; molecular, 57; specific, how found, 253, 256; specific, 251, 258; systems of, and measures, 231; units of, 237. Weights and Measures, 231-247; com- parative tables, 243-245. Wine, in Pharmacopoeia, 400. Wines, medicated, 350; of antimony, 351; of ferric citrate, 351; of iron, 351; of ipecac, 351. Wood, 185. Work, 23. Xenon, definition of, 48. Yolk of Egg, an emulsifying agent, 340. Zinc, compounds of, 213, 220, 221; decomposes, 138; description of, 213; dissolves in, 143.