Complete Text (Part 1)

Br Brrrith @ Eire) it ie FP ee Pe |) ered (nga! 47) a | | | \ | \ ) r \ c / \ S | Bulletin Frick Enclosed-type No. 112-G Ammonia Compressors [BLANK PAGE] Large Freon-i2 — Unit — Unit Freon-12 Large 4-Cyl. Compressor Belt-Drive Frick Enclosed-type Ammonia Compressors - General Features - The inherent advantages of the enclosed design have resulted in its adoption, with slight variations, for Frick compressors of all the latest types and sizes. These advantages include balanced vertical operation, ad- aptability to any kind of drive and to automatic control, one-way gas travel, efficient compression, greater safety, quietness and ease of operation, continuous automatic lubrication, standardized pre- cision manufacture, renewable wearing parts, small floor space and headroom required, prompt installation, long useful life, etc. Frick enclosed-type compressors for use with ammonia are built with cylinders in sizes from 1! in. by 112 in. to 17%4 in. by 12 in. Machines of the sizes described in this bulletin are equipped with force-feed oiling systems, ring plate discharge valves, out- board bearings beyond the flywheels, cylinders and crankcase cast in one piece (except on four-cylinder machines), capacity con- trols or dual-pressure operation when desired, oversize bearings and other features which adapt them to the heaviest industrial service. Machines with cylinders measuring 5 in. by 5 in., 6 in. by 6 in. and 7 in. by 7 in. are furnished with base frames extending under the outboard bearings, as standard. Tens of thousands of these Frick machines are operating in commercial and industrial plants of all kinds. In the following pages a brief review is presented, showing their uses in leading fields. Direct-Drive Unit Bulletin No. 112-G Low Pressure Units Dairies and Ice Compre SSOrsS Reliable Cream Plants Find Enclosed Efficient and ‘Bae >Hi =a Rs Pit CWweETY), A ( Machines Buffalo, NI, Mi ily, llion ¢ Hu, and Do Kan., al th a ee 177 / is, od € OT ( onditionine dal the | S/ora CE erminal 226,000 Pounds of Fish and 50 Tons of Ice can be Frozen Daily by the Seven Frick Machines at the new Gloucester, Mass., Fish Pier The Food Industries All branches of the Food Industries — including packing houses, dairy and ice cream plants, candy factories, poultry, fish and fruit dealers, breweries and bottling plants, bakeries, markets, and scores of others—use refrigeration as an indispensable aid in handling their pro- ducts, keeping them fresh and wholesome, and securing the most effec- tive display. Whether you operate a processing plant, wholesale or retail food business, or transportation line, there is a Frick refrigerating system to fill your exact needs. Our experience with thousands of installations in the food industries saves the user of a Frick machine from costly experimentation, and assures him of the utmost dependability, economy, and permanent satisfaction. The reliablity of Frick enclosed-type com- pressors is illustrated by the fact that one of the first of these machines to be constructed ran satisfactorily for nearly twenty-five years at Spath’s Market, in Portland, Ore. Scores of others have set records for long and continuous operation. Users will tell you that Frick machines of this type have the quali- ties needed for day and night, year ‘round service in business where adequate refrigeration at all times is a necessity. Standard Frick en- closed compressors, tested by a prominent engineering firm under suc- tion pressures ten times above normal load, proved so satisfactory that the firm ordered several additional machines for the same heavy service. Well known concerns in the food field such as Armour and Swift, Sheffield Farms Dairy, Fleischmann’s Yeast, Pacific Fruit and Produce, large chain stores, and others have each ordered from 25 to 575 Frick machines of various sizes. Space, Frick Refrigeration is Used in this New York Dairy of Sheffield Farms—W orld's Largest Milk Plant and Distributing Depot r ; chaxs » is j .) + Ae ail ; = ee i ™ Se one es a Tank and Machine Room at the Modern trick Plant ol the if ‘alk ey lee X ( dal CO. iF Orcesie? Via - ’ c=, x Corne [on S ' Ice-making & Cold Storage nd Natick (N ~ — ~ Qa’ : é Se S =? Frick COMMPLessors have been a favorit with che Engineers ind Owners of ice and cold storage plants for more than 55 years For this ) class of service the enclosed machines, as built today, offer so many special advantages that they are replacing earlier types in hundreds of places and are paying their own way through savings in labor, maintenan and power, as well as in first cost pact occupied, ind other fi charges, Consider also the greater flexibility obtained with thes m sors through the choice of several drives, division of the load bet ; two Or more UNIS, application Of Capac it controls, Operation uns Suction pressures, automat Starting and stopping, ets See othe Dav of this bulletin, The wide range of available sizes makes these enclosed c | sors applicable alike to plants producing from a few tons of | = ) 7 day, to the 400 tons being manufactured in a Brooklyn, N. Y., plant whe —~! ten Frick 10 in. by 10 in. machines are installed. Combined with the F-P — . . ited low pressure air system, Frick can grids, unit type evaporators, fl S valve control, ALL-W ELDED ice Cans che ice Saver! dump, idyjustab pressure type can fillers, and improved auxiliaries. these com \ ~ sors provide Frick customers with complete ice-making equipm the most advanced and efhcient design Cold storage, in the same way, can now be equipped with Fri enclosed compressors and modern automatic controls, which accurate! maintain temperatures in the various rooms with much less refrigerat ing capacity and labor than heretofore thought possible. Witness cl experience of the plant illustrated at right. Five Enclosed Compressors at the 200-Ton Plan or ¢ irillo Bros lee and i aal ..@., Brood iy i \ ) 23808 T0270 2iagis e@eaag gaaq 'aa@ Bugg ava 3 Bvaa aag@ 5; ean? | | vag 21398 8SGGe weal é. ’ , Girard College, in Philadelphia, has Frick Refrigerating and Ice-Making Systems in three of its Buildings (he National Hotel, Havana, which has Fig- © ured largely in Cuban Events, 1s equipped A hh { { ] W Ix with Two 9 by 9 Frick Machines rc ll ec ura Or Refrigeration is now employed in large buildings for half a dozen well recognized services, which include: Conditioning the air in dining and meeting halls, offices, shops, etc. Cooling drinking water for fountain, pitcher and tumbler outlets. Making ice and ice cubes for table and room service. Freezing ice cream and other frozen desserts, Supplying “cold” for soda fountains, beer bars, confectionery, flower and fur shops. Holding specified temperatures in any number of refrigerators, fish boxes. freezer rooms, salad counters, short order cases, and so on. Frick ammonia machines have been selected to perform these serv- ‘ces in thousands of the world’s finest structures—notable hotels, apart- ments, clubs, hospitals, office buildings and institutions. Many impos- ing industrial buildings are also equipped with Frick cooling systems. Architects and Engineers alike appreciate the sound engineering, satisfactory operation and pleasing appearance which characterize the Frick compressor. Where refrigerating equipment with honest, built-in quality is wanted, Frick machinery can be specified with the knowledge that its performance will be equal to its good reputation. Our Sales Engineers are glad to place their experience in solving refrigeration {mmonia Compressors Furnish 357 Tons of problems at the disposal of Architects and Consulting Engineers. We Refrigeration for Air Conditioning, Ice Making, and offer a complete refrigeration service—recommendations, layouts, designs, Food Service at the St. Louis Athletic Club manufacture, installation, test and maintenance. Frick Four Frich 2 bi 2 Ammonia Compressors, Equipped with Flexo- Branch Offices, Distributors and stock points in over 175 Seals, Su ing 1000 Tons of Refrigeration for Air Conditioning cities afford every facility to those interested. Philtower and Philcade Buildings in Tulsa, Okla. : = = The St. Vincent De Paul Hopital, St. Louis, is Typical of Hundreds Using Frick Ammonia Refrigeration ie ~@) os! Nii fit Conditioned Air and Frick Refrigeration Aid the Ed. Stern Co., Phila., in Producing Fine Printing Air Conditioning Ten or fifteen years ago air conditioning was considered a luxury which could be afforded by only a few establishments. Today it 1s looked upon as a necessity in such places as restaurants, theatres, hotels, department stores and shops, banks, offices, churches, schools, trains, steamships, etc. The interest, appetite and enjoyment of customers is stimulated by the fresh, clean air in constant circulation; the freedom from street noises, excessive heat and humidity, odors, dust and dirt also makes an instant and permanent appeal—that pays. Restaurants report in- creased summer patronage up to 300 per cent, with an operating ex- pense for air conditioning as low as %4 cent per meal per person. To the average man-in-the-street, air conditioning means comfort cooling in summer. The temperature of the air in most places has actually to be cooled only 10 or 12 degrees below the outside tempera- ture to produce comfort conditions, but it is desirable to maintain the relative humidity of the air around 50 per cent; as this also involves cooling (to condense out the moisture) refrigeration may be said to be the main factor in most air conditioning plants. The problem then resolves itself largely into finding the most effec- tive and economical refrigerating equipment for the cooling work at hand. Frick ammonia compressors of the type here described are do- ing eminently satisfactory work on scores of important air conditioning jobs. As builders of machines for ammonia, carbon dioxide, methy] chloride and Freon-12, we are in an unbiased position in recommend- ing the kind of refrigeration best suited to your needs. Send your in- quiry to the nearest Frick Office: it will receive expert attention. Three Frick Ammonia Compressors Carr) the Cooling Load for Air Conditioning in the Okla. Gas and Elec. Co. Building at Oklahoma City Restaurants, Nou One of Two 8 by 8 Ammonia Com- pressors, Arranged with Automat Capacity Controls, for Arr tioning the G. C. Murphy Store at East Liberty, Penna. Similar Equtp- ment is Used in the Murphy Store at Harrisburg, Penna. ( ondt- Enjoy, Dining Halls An ( ONAILULLONHIN eC 2) Part of the Frick Equipment which Furnishes Refrigeration for a Dozen Distinct Services in the Pharmaceutical Plant of Sharp & Dohme, Philadelphia 12 by 12 Four-Cylinder Compressor at the feiffer Brewery, Detroit Making Rayon at their North Carolina Plant = The University of Alabama is one of Many Colleges Using Frick Machines for Test and Research. Note Ther- mometers and Indicator Other Commercial Uses Hardly an application of refrigeration can be named, but that Frick enclosed ammonia compressors are being used in it. Plants in the chemical industries, making such products as ex- plosives, artificial silk, glue, gasoline, lubricating oil, rubber goods, mer- cerized cotton, films, vaccines, etc., find these machines have the sure de- pendability and ease of handling, and give the close temperature regula- tion, so necessary for successful work. The compressors are equally valuable aids in factories producing cigars, linoleum, waxed paper and candles, tempered tools, instru- ments of various kinds, golf balls, and so on. For quick-freezing work they adapt themselves to plants operating either at moderately low temperatures, or to those where extreme cold is required: for the latter we recommend a two-stage ammonia plant with a booster compressor as described in Ice and Frost Bulletin 516. For experimental and test work in laboratories, colleges, govern- ment bureaus, etc., these units have won many friends because of their uniform performance, and ready adaptability to unusual conditions. The machines are in daily satisfactory service on scores of mis- cellaneous installations, where efficient refrigeration is essential to pro- fits; these jobs include marine work, skating rinks, drinking water sys- tems, zoological gardens, fur storages, morgues, paint, perfume and pack- ing plants, and dozens of others. Frick engineers will gladly assist in solving your special problems. Compressors used by the American Enka Corp. for = Half the Artificial Ice Skating Rinks in the Country, Includ- ing the Big One at Hershey, Penna., Use Frick Equipment a = EXPANSION VALVE—— COMPRESSOR = C ) eo (C_ COOLING COILS ») WATER TO JACKET « | C ————— Elementary Diagram of the Refrigenating Cycle, Using the Compression System Principles of Refrigeration The essential parts of a refrigerating plant are the compressor, condenser, re- ceiver, expansion valve, and cooling coils: suitable pipe lines, with the neces- sary shut-off valves, connect one part to another. The air is first pumped out and the system is then charged with ammonia— a clear liquid looking like water. While water boils at a temperature of 212 degrees in the open air, ammonia under atmospheric pressure will boil at 28 degrees below zero F. Ammonia has a strong suffocating odor, but is not poisonous and can be used with entire safety in properly made equip- ment. The liquid ammonia is held in the receiver under about 185 lb. gauge pressure, and from there is fed into the cooling coils in a fine stream by means of a regulating or expansion valve. In the same way that boiling water ab- sorbs heat from a fire, and sends it off in the form of the gas we call steam, the liquid ammonia takes up the heat from the pipe coils and evaporates into ammonia gas. By constantly drawing off the gas from the pipe coils, we make them so cold that they chill the air and products around them, and by condensing and freezing part of the moisture in the air, produce the white frost often seen on the pipes. As fast as the ammonia gas is form- ed it is drawn into the compressor, which maintains an average ‘“‘suction pressure” in the coils of 15 to 25 pounds. The compressor, which is really a gas pump designed for handling ammonia, raises the pressure of the ammonia gas to about 185 pounds again, and forces it into the condenser. The work done on the gas has meanwhile raised its temperature to say 200 degrees F, In the condenser the hot ammonia is cooled by tubes carrying cold water, the effect of which is to change the gas back to liquid form, ready for returning to the re- ceiver and being used again. The power required for driving the compressor is less, in proportion to the cooling effect, if the suction pressure is kept as high as possible (while still producing the cold temperatures de- sired.) By feeding the refrigerant into the bottom of the coils or coolers they can be kept “flooded” with liquid am- monia: flooded operation naturally in- creases the heat transfer and maintains a higher suction pressure. Suitable float valves, automatic expansion valves, and electric control valves are now general- ly used in place of hand expansion valves, for governing the ammonia feed. Thermostats and special electric controls are similarly used for starting and stopping the compressor automa- tically, when desired. Self-opening un- loaders can be used to relieve the head pressure, on large machines, until they have come up to speed. For efficient operation the head or condensing pres- sure should of course be kept as low as the use of ample cold water and generous tube surfaces in the condenser will economically allow. The capacity of a refrigerating ma- chine depends largely upon the num- ber and size of its cylinders, its speed when running, the efficiency of com- pression, the suction and discharge pressures, and the number of hours of operation per day, the rated capacity being always based on continuous operation through the 24 hours. Ma- chine ratings are usually based on the conditions adopted as standard by the American Society of Refrigerating En- gineers, which are 5 deg. F. and 19.6 lb. gauge pressure for the suction, and 86 deg. F. and 154.5 lb. gauge for the discharge. One Ton of Refrigeration is about equal to the cooling effect obtained when a ton of ice, weighing 2000 pounds, is melted in 24 hours. To be exact, 1 T. R. equals 288,000 British thermal units (or B. t. u.) per 24 hours. This is cooling at the oe of 200 B. t. u. per minute. It is usually figured that from 1.4 to 1.6 tons of refrigera- tion are required to make one ton of ice, as the water must first be cooled to the freezing point, and various other losses have to be considered. Illustrating the Parts of the High-Pressure Side of a Typical Refrigerating Plant, Using Two Compressors, with Shell and Tube Condensers £ AMMONIA PRE SSURE SA . VGE_ fants I MLE” SMO, SUCTION 4 AMMO. an) rt DISCNARCA . RS Ww; JACKET WATER : . eigenen WATER FROM CONDENSE COLO WATER YO CONDENSERS Ty 1 p VALVE aot RECEIVER + - o aft ave Sonens sson ogy < Safety cylinder heads, held down by heavy springs instead of bolts, lift enter : case slugs of liquid ammonia . wasteful clearance space is thus eliminated. Pistons ground to size and made unusual- ly long: suction ports uncovered through- out stroke. Ample thrust surfaces opposite piston pins. 9 by 9, 10 by 10 and 12 by 12 machines have babbitted pistons and rings, as shown on page 11. Two special scraper rings remove €XCess oil through drain holes in piston. Three pressure rings at top. Note arrangement of oil grooyes in piston shown at left. in safely Case-hardened steel piston pins, accurately ground to fit cast iron bushings. Larger machines have hollow pins. Note oil hole in bushing. Lubrication is extra thorough. Superior workmanship and _ very materials insure long life of machines. Castings sand blasted and properly aged. Rigid inspection and tests given all parts, which are made interchangeable. Over 55 years’ refrigerating experience built every