Part II are to be followed here, but with a baby the insertion of the oiled catheter must be clone with extreme Especial gentleness, because of the danger of puncturing the delicate intestine. It should never be forcibly pushed up, but if it is done slowly, waiting till the bowel relapses from time to time, it can gradually be introduced nearly its entire length. The water is first turned on when the catheter is inserted about two inches into the rectum, in order to clear out the gas and accumulation in the lower bowel. After the water comes away clear, which it will generally do while the second pint is being given, the enema point is detached from the catheter, and the abdomen is gently kneaded with the hand to get rid of the remaining fluid. This irrigation may be ordered twice a day, and is valuable, not only because it cleanses the intestine of effect the irritating poison which it contains, but because it supplies a fluid to replace what is lost by the watery evacuations, and because the salt stimulates the tissues, and reinforces the blood supply. It should not be continued more than a few days without a doctor's advice, because in cases of extreme prostration the exertion may outweigh the results for good.
The baby's bath should be continued through any illness, unless forbidden by the physician. It should, however, be given under a blanket, and the child should be moved as little as possible. When the diarrhoea is accompanied by extreme emaciation, it is sometimes considered that rubbing the child with oil supplements the feedings. Olive oil may be used, and it should be rubbed in thoroughly, particularly over the abdomen.
Constipation is too often the result of carelessness on the part of the person who has charge of the child. From his birth, the condition of the bowels should be given attention, and any disorder should be at once relieved. If a child is held over a small chamber, and the abdomen is gently massaged, twice each day shortly after regularity he has had his bottle, he can be taught habits of regularity at an early age.
Convulsions may occur in connection with some disease, such as croup, diarrhoea, some of the infectious fevers, or as a serious brain trouble. The head should be kept cool with compresses of cold water, or with bits of ice in an ice-bag or piece of oiled silk. The extremities should be heated, and for this purpose the child should be given a mustard foot-bath — not hotter than 950 F.
Teething can not be reckoned among diseases, and is spoken of here very briefly, simply because it makes a child more susceptible to other ills, and special care should be taken to keep all the conditions of his life as normal and hygienic as possible. He should spend as much time as he can in the open air, and the feet and legs should be protected with stockings and soft kid moccasins if short dresses are worn.
<Callout type="warning" title="Danger">Do not use castor oil for constipation without a doctor's orders. It may leave a baby more constipated than before.</Callout>
Eruptive disorders such as eczema and hives require careful treatment to prevent itching and further irritation, often involving the application of soothing ointments or powders.
<Callout type="important" title="Critical">Always consult a doctor for severe conditions like convulsions or rickets.</Callout>
Key Takeaways
- Use extreme gentleness when inserting a catheter for an enema in infants.
- Maintain regular hygiene and bowel habits from birth to prevent constipation.
- Convulsion treatment includes cooling the head and heating extremities with mustard foot-baths.
Practical Tips
- Rub olive oil on the abdomen of emaciated babies to supplement feedings.
- Teach children early habits of regularity by gentle massage after meals.
Warnings & Risks
- Do not use castor oil for constipation without a doctor's advice, as it can worsen the condition.
- Consult a physician immediately if convulsions occur, as they may indicate serious underlying issues.
Modern Application
While many of these historical practices are outdated and potentially harmful today, understanding them provides insight into early medical care for children. Techniques like gentle enemas and mustard foot-baths illustrate the importance of comfort and hygiene in treating illness, principles that remain relevant in modern emergency response.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What is a recommended method to treat constipation in infants?
Constipation can be addressed by ensuring regular attention to bowel habits from birth. Gentle massage and dietary adjustments for the nursing mother are also suggested.
Q: How should one handle convulsions in children according to this chapter?
Convulsions require immediate cooling of the head with cold compresses or ice, heating of extremities through mustard foot-baths, and seeking medical advice promptly.
Q: What is advised for teething babies?
Teething should be managed by ensuring normal and hygienic conditions in a child's life. Spending time outdoors and protecting the feet are recommended practices.