Complete Text (Part 5)

allaying asthmatic paroxysms and in preventing their full development. It may be given in tincture or fluid extract. The dose is from 10 to 30 minims well diluted and given from every ten minutes to every half-hour until relief is experienced, emesis caused, or drowsiness induced. We have never exceeded ^/j fluidounce of the fluid extract in the course of two hours. Patients have fallen asleep after six doses of 10 to 20 drops each, given every ten or fifteen minutes, or after a single dose of 1 fluidrachm. In 2 out of 8 cases its use produced but slight mitigation of dis- tress and was abandoned. In 6 cases rebellious to other methods it gave prompt relief. fll Potassii iodidi, gr. xlviij. Sodii bromidi, gr. xlviij. Euphorbise piluliferse, gr. Ixxij. Spiritus glycerylis nitratis, gr. •/»• Tinct. lobelise, m xlviij. Misce et fiant pilulae no. xxiv. Sig.: One pill every three hours. I^ Sodii arsenatis, gr. iv. Pulv. eucalypti, 5j» Pulv. stramonii, 5j» Pulv. hyoscyanii, jj. Potassii nitratis, 5j. Misce. Sig.: Burn u half tcaHfiooiifiil and inhale the fumes. Hand-Book of Modem Treatment. 49 9 Chloralis hydratis, 3iij. Sodii nitritis, 3ss. Tinct. stramonii, 3j. Syrupi glycyrrhizae, q. s. ad Sij. Misce. Sig. : One teaspoonful every four hours. J^ Hyoscinse hydrobromatis, gr. V«. Morphinse sulpha tis, gr. %. Sodii bromidi, 3vj. Liq. potassii arsenitis, 3ij. Tinct. digitalis, 3iv. Infus. gentianse comp., q. s. ad ^vj, Misce. Sig.: Dessertspoonful in water every three hours. IJ Pulv. stramonii, 3vj. Pulv. belladonnse fol., 3vj. Pulv. potassii nitrat., 3ss. Pulv. opii, gr. XV. Misce. Sig.: To be used in the form of a fumiga- tion. Internally the iodides are of great service in chronic asthma, given as follows, according to FothergilPs formula: — I^ Ammon. iodidi, 3isp , Ammon. bromidi 3ij. Syr. tolutani, 5ij. Tinct. lobelise, Jiij' Misce. Sig. : One teaspoonful in water three or four times a day. 3 Acidi oxalici, gr. xxx. Sodii bicarb., gr. xlviij. Syr. aurantii, Jij. Misce. Sig. : One tablespoonful every hour. Indication: Used in treatment of asthma and capillary bronchitis. 4 50 Hand-Book of Modern Treatment, I^ Potassii iodidi, 3ij. Tr. belladonnie foliorum, fSij. Aqiue, q. s. ad f^iij* Misce. 8ig.: One teaspoonful with tablespoonful of essence of pepsin in water, every three hours, until permanent relief. Indication: Used in bronchial astiima. J^ Tr. gelsemii, 5j- Tr. lobelise, 5j. Potassii bromidi, 5ss. Misce. Sig. : Twenty drops in water every three hours. I^ Potassii iodidi, gr. ij. Sodii bromidi, gr. ij. Euphorbise piluliferse, m iij. Spiritus glycerylis nitratis, gr. Viot- Tinct. lobelise, m ij. Misce. Sig.: One such every three hours. n Tinct. digitalis, f3j. Tinct. strophanthi, m xxiv. Spiritus glycerylis nitratis, mxxv. Tinct. cardamomi, q. s. ad f^iij. Misce. Sig. : Teaspoonful three times daily. Indication: Very useful in period between attacks. BACKACHE. I^ Olei camplioratis chamomile, fSv. Olei hyoscyami, f3v. Extract! belladonnip, gr. xv. P^xtracti apocyni, gr. xv. Extra(rti opii, gr. xv. McnthollH, gr. xxx. Oliloroforini, m Ixxv. Misce, Sig.: TliiH is to be lightly rubbed in and flannel inipr(;gnatcd with the liniment bound II {Km the part. Indication: liuckaclie or neurasthenics. ' - >• - " w - Wv - V », w W V V w V V « Hand-Book of Modem Treatment, 51 Writing of the differential diagnosis between muscular rheumatism and sprained back, Dr. J. Schneek states that in the former the pain is often one-sided, in the latter usually two- sided ; and in the latter fever is present, as a rule ; in the former rarely. BATHS. THE BRAND METHOD. This standard for treating typhoid fever consists essenti- ally in cold baths (65° to 70° F.), with friction through sheet, and stimulants, if necessary, whenever the temperature is 102^/2° F. or higher. Water should be poured over the head to lessen shock on entering the bath. The patient is taken out in fifteen or twenty minutes, wrapped in a dry sheet, and cov- ered with a light blanket. These baths are contraindicated only in peritonitis or intestinal haemorrhage. It is not necessary to renew the water more than once in twenty-four hours. BATHS FOR INFANTS. Dr. A. Jacobi teaches that, while during the early days of an infant a cold or even cool bath should not be given, yet after a few months, and by carefully graduating down the tem- perature of the water, a cool or cold bath can, and should be used for infants, especially during the hot season. He believes that cold bathing promotes a very strong and healthy resistance to diseases, especially the enervating diseases of hot weather. RULES FOR BATHING. Cold baths should never be taken when the body is fatigued, even during the summer. A warm or hot bath will always re- lieve fatigue, or muscular or nervous irritability and restless- ness. Baths of any kind should not be taken within two hours after finishing a meal, and a meal should not be taken within one hour after a bath. In the latter case, it takes an hour at least for the complete reaction to take place and the circulation to become evenly distributed again. Bathing too soon after eat- ing interferes with the digestive processes. 62 Band-Book of Modem Treatment, SCIENTIFIC BATHING. Bathing affects the nervous and circulatory systems of the skin. Hot baths cause vasomotor dilatation in the skin, with relative withdrawal of blood from internal organs. After the bath this process gradually becomes reversed. This assists the assimilation of food, causes the ingestion of more food, and in- creases the body-weight, when regularly repeated over a long period of time. Cold baths, with active exercise, cause peri- pheral vasomotor constriction, followed l)y a gradual dilatation. Exercise has a similar but localized effect. Baths are of most benefit in the infectious diseases for reducing temperature and overcoming nervous symptoms. They are also indicated for chronic inflammatory changes, circulatory disturbances, venous stasis, etc. TEMPERATURE OF THE BATH. Friedrich Grosse believes that much confusion has arisen through a too loose use of terms. A warm bath, which is seda- tive in action, is a bath the temperature of which ranges between 98° and 100° F. A hot bath, which is stimulating in action, is a bath with a temperature ranging between 107° and 113° F. The full hot bath, he says, gives good results in a large class of diseases. As a rule, it should not be employed when pus is present or when there is a lesion of the central nervous system. The action of the hot bath is based upon : ( 1 ) a powerful stim- ulation of the entire nervous system for a brief period; (2) an intense revulsion of circulation, leading to hyperaemia of the skin and anaemia of inner organs; (3) a perspiration more abundant than after any other form of bath; (4) a raising of metabolism; and (5) the creation of leucocytosis. CLASSIFICATION OF BATHS ACCORDING TO TEMPERATURE. While a classification of baths according to temperature must necessarily be more or less arbitrary, the following classi- fication is a very convenient and practical one: — Hand-Book of Modem Treatment, 53 Very cold 32° F. to 66° F. Cold 65°F. to 65° F. Cool 66°F. to 80° F. Tepid 80°F.to 92° F. Warm (or neutral, 92° to 95°) 92° F. to 98° F. Hot 98° F. to 104° F. Very hot 104° F. and above. ARTIFICIAL. SEA BATH. 9 ^a salis, Sviij. Sodii sulphatis, Siiiss. Calcii chloridi, 3vij. Magnesii chloridi, 3iij. Aquse, q. s. ad Oviij. Misce. BED-SORES. TO PREVENT BED-SORES. I^ Alumin., Sss. Sodii chloridi, Sss. Aquse, 1 pint. Alcoholis, 1 pint. Misce. Sig. : Use twice a day locally. I^ Zinci sulphatis, gr. xlv. Plumbi acetatis, gr. xxx. Tinct. myrrhae, mxx. Petrolati, q. s. ad Jij- Misce. Sig. : Use twice a day locally. I^ Argenti nitratis, 3j. Aquae destillatse, ^iv, Misce. Sig. : Apply to red and tender spots. Indication: To be applied over red, sore spots. I^ Tinct. ferri chloridi, 5ij. Sig.: Fifteen minims every four hours. Indication : Suppository if ulcers slough and are large. 54 Hand-Book of Modem Treatment. NEW REMEDY FOR BED-SORES. Dr. Strater recommends the application to the injured area of a piece of felt, ten centimeters long and twelve centimeters broad, with an opening about four centimeters in diameter. The upper surface is supplied with some adhesive material so that it shall stick well to the skin, and not become loosened with the movements of the patient, while protecting the bed-sore from every pain and pressure. In from five to six days, without any other medication, the dried crust falls off, leaving normal skin beneath. The method has proved of excellent service in several cases that the author reports, without any disadvantages. BILE-PIOMENT. Presslich says that he has found a method which, for prac- tical purposes at least, presents many advantages over the test for bile in the urine usually employed. It consists simply in adding to the suspected urine a few drops of fuming nitric acid, and stirring. In the presence of bile-pigment a well marked green color is produced. Comparison with Gmelin's and Bosin's tests showed that the author's method yields more satisfactory results. It does not react to urobilin, nor to the substances oc- curring in the urine of patients who have been taking rhubarb, salol, aspirin, sodium salicylate, or antipyrine. The simplicity of the test, the ease of performance, and the fact that large quan- tities of urine may be turned green by the use of 15 to 20 drops of the acid, so tliat the color is easily recognizable, renders it a useful method for evervdav use. BILIOUSNESS. I^ Tinrt. ononynii {Lloycrw), 5j. Tiiict. chionaiitlii, ^hh. Tinet. dioHcorofle, ^hh. Miace. Sig. : Fift<»(>n ia sixty iiniiiiiiH every throe or four hours until bowclrt act well. J^ Ammonii oliloridi, ^hh. Fiant chartulw no. xlviij. Sig.: Give live grniuH tliree timeH a day. Indication: BiliouanoHH UHHoeiated with ca- tarrh of stomach, intestines, or bile-duets. Hand-Book of Modem Treatment, 55 3 Resinae podophylli, gr. j. Sacchari lactis, gr. x. Misce et fiant chartulse no. x. Sig. : One powder morning and evening. Indication: To relieve constipation. I^ Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, gr. j. Sodii carbonatis, gr. xx. Misce et fiant chartulae no. vj. Sig.: One every fifteen minutes, followed in tour hours with saline. Indication: When constipation, slight drow- nness or languor after meal is present. IJ Podophyllin, gr. v. Euonymi, gr. ix. Leptandrini, gr. ix. Ext. chiratae, gr. xlv. Creosoti, gr. xj. Misce et fiant pilulee no. xxv. Sig.: One pill each night. BITES AND STINGS OF INSECTS. TO GUARD AGAINST THE BITE OF THE MOSQUITO. Mcintosh recommends an application which he has used for some years when out fishing or hunting in the swamps where mosquitoes are prevalent, and in the evenings when sitting out- of-doors, and which he has found to be most excellent and effi- cient; it is the oil of citronella (oil of verbena, Indian melissa- oil). It has a very pleasant odor, and is not expensive. The oil should be rubbed into the exposed parts and repeated occa- sionally, or the following is quite as efficient: — I^ Olei citronellfle, 3ij. Alcoholis, 3ij. Misce. Sig.: Apply freely to face, neck, hands, and ankles to prevent mosquito biting. 56 Hand-Book of Modem Treatment, T^ Spiritus setheris nitrosi, 3j. Infurii digitalis, 5j. Spiritus vini' gallici, 3j. Misce. Sig. : One to two teaspoonf uls in water every two or three liours. Indication: Bites and stings of insects. I^ Aquae ammonise, f5j. Aquse, q. s. ad f^v. Misce. Sig.: Inject into vein. Indication: To be employed in urgent cases of snake-bite. I^ Potassii permanganatis, gr. xx. Aquse destillatee, fSiiss. Misce. Sig. : Inject into wound and around it freely. Indication: Snake-bite, and give whisky also to overcome depressing effect. BITINO THE FINGER-NAILS. Generally, individuals who are addicted to this habit show s}Tnptoms of degeneracy. They present undergrowth, are slow, drowsy, unrelia])le, and have defective teeth. The treatment of onychophazia is indicated and requires careful observation on the part of parents and physicians ; in many individuals paint- ing the finger-nails and the tissues around them with tincture of quassia has brought good results. The extremely bitter taste of quassia prevents the child from putting the finger in the mouth, and in many instances we know a cure to have been effected. BLADDER AFFECTIONS.— See Cystitis. 3 Acidi ben7X)ici, 3iv. Acidi borici, 3iv. Alcoliolis, fSiv. Tinct. hyoscyami, f3ij. Syriipi pruni virginianse, f Jij. Syrupi aurantii, f2|iss. Aqufle destillatse, q. s. ad fjvj. Misce. Sig.: A dessertspoonful every four Iiours, followed by a glass of water. Indication: Irritable bladder. Hand-Book of Modern Treatment, 57 I^ Phenylis salicylatis, 3ij. Tinct. hyoscyami, fSij. Infusi buchu, q. s. ad f^vj. Misce. Sig.: Tablespoonful three times a day. Indication: Irritable bladder after confine- ment. METHOD TO EMPTY THE BLADDER. To empty the bladder when partially paralyzed from par- turition or any other cause, throw a large amount of very warm water into the bowel, thereby doing away with the necessity of using a catheter; and the bowel and bladder will empty them- selves at the same time. BLADDER IN ALCOHOLIC COMA. In alcoholic coma always investigate the bladder. It is apt to be very full. If there is no stricture the urine would drain itself out after awhile, but if prostatic or other stricture should exist, a rupture of the bladder might take place. TO PREVENT RECURRENCE OF STONES IN THE BLADDER. Guyon writes that the task of the surgeon in case of stone in the bladder is far from being restricted to the mere removal of the stone. The accompanying cystitis must be cured and the recurrence of stones prevented. Experience has demonstrated • that the presence of calculi is no obstacle to the attenuation, and even cure of a cystitis, if it is secondary ; also, that the removal of the stones does not necessarily cure it. Local treatment is imperative both before and after the operation, especially when the cystitis is old and severe. Instillations are usually all that can be borne at first, followed by fractioned irrigations as soon as possible. Some cases allow the irrigations to be com- menced from the start, followed by instillations. Calculi do not contraindicate a permanent sound. If the bladder is painful or haemorrhagic, it may be necessary to evacuate the organ without leaving it empty, replacing each portion of urine withdrawn by the same amount of a tepid solution of boric acid. This topical treatment may relieve without anodynes, but sometimes 58 HandrBook of Modem Treatment. a suppository or injection of an opium or antipyrine Bolution may bo necessary. This treatment of the cystitia may require one or two weeks, the criteria being the number of micturitions, the capacity of the bladder, and tlie acidity of the urine. The urine becomes less infectious^ and it is possible to avoid febrile accidents. Silver nitrate is the best of all measures. It seems to have an elective action on pyogenic bacteria and on the urobacillus liquefaciens, and is especially active when the urine ceases to be acid. Silver nitrate restores nonnal acidity to the urine, and this is the most certain means to prevent the recurrence of sec- ondary calculi. Mineral substances become insoluble in an ab- normal urine. Patients operated on should be cautioned not to neglect to test the reaction of their urine frequently with litmus- paper, and resume the silver nitrate if the acidity is diminishing, and continue it until the urine turns the litmus-paper red. This opposes a chemical barrier to the causes of the precipitation of the phosphates. General hygienic measures are of great im- portance, avoiding alcohol and rich food, alkaline water, and the tartrate? of lime and magnesia, and a diet too abundant in vege- tables. The patients should return once a week for repeated verification and successive evacuations. BLEPHARITIS. I^ Acidi salioylici, gr. v. I'liguenti liydrarjrvTi oxidi flavi, 3j. l^ngiionti aqua? rosa*, 3iij. Mi see. Sig. : Api)ly locally. Indication: Blopharitis of children. FOR SQUAMOUS BLEPHARITIS. This occurs in connection with sehorrhoca of the scalp, and gives rise to small crusts at the ciliary border of the eyelid. A sulphur ointment serves as the most effective means of cure, but is apt to cause a burning sensation and lacrymation by en- tering the conjunctival sac. Terrien advises, therefore, a weak preparation, such as the following: — Hand-Book of Modern Treatment, 59 3 Sulphuris prsecip., gr. iij. Petrolati, 3v. Misce et fiat unguentum. Sig. : External use. B Sodii boratis, gr. xv. Aquse destillatse, fSij. Misce. Sig.: Apply freely to margin of lids. Indication: To remove crusts and scales. 3 Acidi borici, 3j. Aquse destillatse, 3ij* Misce. Sig.: Wash out eye every three or four hours. BLEPHAROSPASM. B Hyoscyami hydrobromidi, gr. j. Aquae destillatae, 3iv. Misce. Sig.: Four drops three times daily. BOILS. — See Abscess. ABORTIVE TREATMENT OF BOILS. Gallois advises for this purpose that the boil be painted with a concentrated solution of iodine in acetone. This sol- vent takes up four times as much iodine as alcohol does, and its use on a boil is followed by the formation of a brown scab, under which the inflammation subsides. The solution should be kept for some weeks before it is used. TO TREAT BOILS. Much relief from boils has been derived from an ointment containing 5 or 10 grains of phenol, 1 or 2 drachms of fluid extract of ergot, 2 drachms eacli of powdered starch and zinc oxide, and 8 drachms of rose-water ointment. The mixture is spread on a moderately thick layer of absorbent cotton, which is held in place by strips of plaster at the sides of the boil. go Hand- Book of Modem Treat ment. NOVEL METHOD OF TUEATINQ BOILS. W. K. Smitli employs tlie following method in the treat- ment of boils and thinks it greatly superior to poultices^ the ma- jority of local applications, and internal medication. He takes a piece of soft linen or