Bacteria in Air and Soil

SECTION IV

EXANTHEMATA AND DISEASES CAUSED BY FILTRABLE VIRUS

CHAPTER

XLVI. Rasties 6 we ee ee ee XLVIIL. Smatppox 6 ww ee ee ee

XLIX. Acute ANTERIOR PoLioMYEUIIS 2. ee LI. Measurs, Scarer Fever, ap Foor-anp-MouTi Disrase

SECTION V BACTERIA IN AIR, SOIL, WATER, AND MILK

cmarren LIT. Bacrerta In THE AIR AND Sob . . . wee ee

LI. Bacrenta iN WATER © we ee ee ee ee

• 551

.+ 563

• 577

• 592

• 618 . 629

Paar

• 646
• 657 « 664
• 668
• 675

LIV. Bacrerta in MitK anp MiLK Propucrs, Bacreria IN THE

InpUsTRIES © 6 ee ee ee ee ee ee

• 699

y

xvi CONTENTS

SECTION VI

PATHOGENIC PROTOZOA Mas. Frepericx F. Russeut, Mep. Corrs, U. 8S. ARMY

CHAPTER INTRODUCTION .........

LV. Cuass I—Sarcopina (Ruizopopa) . . . 2. 1 ee LVI. Cass I1—Masticoruora (Diesinc) . . . 1 1 1 ee LVII. Cuass I1I—Sporozoa . «1 we ee ee ee

LVIII. Crass IV—Inrusorta . ww eee eee

LIX. Tecuniqve or Bioop EXAMINATIONS FoR ProrozoaA . -

INDEX OF AUTHORS ...........--4 INDEX OF SUBJECTS... 2... ee eee

PAG 2

~ 720

• • 738 . « 760 ~ + 792 . . 795 . . 799 . Bll

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

FIGURE PAGE 1, Types of bacterial morphology . . . . . 6 2 ee ee ee ee 10 2. Bacterial capsules . . SSS 8 PRES 8 Rw w AB 3. Arrangement of bacterial flagella - | 1... 1... IS 4. Various positions of spores in bacterial cell. . . . . . 2 6. +. 17 5. Germination of spores. . . ee GIRS 2 Sm wy aT 6. Degeneration forms of Bacillus diphtheria . . ........ . 19 7. Degeneration forms of Bacillus pestis... 1.1... +. 20 8. Hot-air sterilizer. 6 6 6 6 ee ee ee ee ee 69 9. Arnold sterilizer . ee eT 70 10. Low-temperature sterilizer |. 1.7... lee eT 12: Leats formalin apparatus 4s SG ae ¥ Eee 90 18. Breslau formalichyde gentiitor sid section of aims x 4. cw OL 14. Hanging drop preparation . 2. 1. 1 ee ee ee ee ee 8 15. Florence flask «6 6 6 1 es ee ee ee we ee we A 16. Erlenmeyer flask =. 2. 6 1 ee ee ee ee ee ee 18. Test tubes, showing method of ioppering 6 4 eit we we oat we eld 19. Burette for titrating media... 1. 1 ee ee ee ee dW 90, Tubing medias, css GG at eo ee ow ae a HB 21. Mediaintubes 2. 1 6 1 ee ee ee ee ee ee ee YD 22. Berkefeld filter 2... 6 1 ee wee ee we we we 120 23. Berkefeld filter 2. 6 6 6 6 6 6 ee we we we ee ew 1 24, Reichel filter. 2 6 1 6 6 ee ew ew ee we ew ww ww 5 122 25, Kitasato filter . . 1. cee ©) 26. Maassen filter, for small quantities of fluid res 7 27. Platinum wires . eee Bs © Rie M2 28. Taking plugs from tubes before inoculation... 1.2... . M3 29. Inoculating . . ans Cs 30. Pouring inoculating mediuin into Petri dish... . ss ss 2. M45 31. Streak plate fu we we we ow MAT 32. Deep stab gultivation of anaerobic bacteria erred C.) 33. Deep stab cultivation of anaérobic bacteria... 1 1. 6 ee . 149 34. Cultivation of anaérobes in fluid under albolin . eee ee 2 150 35. Wright's method of anaérobic cultivation in fluid media wee . 151 36. Novy jar . . 152 37. Wright's method ‘of anascobicceultivation by ‘die use of ‘pyrogalcaid solution. . . Pa . . oe . 183 38. Jar for anaérobic cultivation | es 154

2 xvii

xviii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

ove PAGE 39. Apparatus for combining the methods of exhaustion, hydrogen replace- ment, and oxygen absorption . . eee we conte 1ST 40. Simple apparatus for pate cultivation of anaérobie bacteria . . . . . 186 41. Incubator... Be ee ee we ee ew 1ST 42. Thermo-regulator 2. 6 6 ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 1B 43, Thermo-regulator . S43 eae ge aw ae 6 158 44. Moitessier gas-pressure regulator | |. + + 160 45. Variations in the conformation of the borders of bacterial colonies » | 161 46. Wolffhiigel counting-plate. © 6 6 6 6 ee ee ee ee es 162 47. Types of fermentation tubes. 6 6 6 6 ee 165 48. Types of gelatin liquefaction by bacteria,» . . ls. ts ee. 169 49. Intraperitoneal inoculation of rabbit . 2 6. 6 6 ee ee ee 2 170 50. Intravenous inoculation of rabbit... 6 6 2 ee ee ee ee 10 51. Intraperitoneal inoculation of guinea-pig... 2. . + 6 6 e171 52. Guinea-pig cage © 6 6 ee ee ee dT 53, Rabbit cage. se eww@a a el 54. Blood-culture plate showing streptococcus colonies»... ye ss 179 55. Toxin and body cell 2 6 2. ee ee ee ew e 206 56. Toxin and antitoxin . . a) 37. Ehrlich’s conception of ecli-reeeptors, giving rise to lytic immune bodies | 227

. Microscopic agglutination reaction ). Macroseopie 4 . Ehrli

. Pipette for opsonie work . Pipette with three substa anes corpses

. Micrococeus tetragens ke . Streptococcus colonies on serum agar

. Poumococei 2. _ ; Meningoroceus, pure culture. 5 ses ee

. Meningococeus culture (streak plate) 6. 6 6 ee ee . Gonococeus pus fromuretira . 5 se

. Complement, amboceptor or immune body, and antigen or immunizing

substance .. e ete we e eR

eglutination 's coneeption of the structure of agglutinins and precipitins

. The structure of cell-receptors and immune bodies. according to Ehrlich’s conception .

chsherg’s conception of complement deviation pniation of somanlenent fixation in the Borde

and serum, as first

taken up phylucoceus pyogenes aure phylococeus colonies 6. ee

Streptococeus pyogenes 0. ee

Streptixcceeis coldiies from luod eulture on loo Pneumococei . 5. 6 oe ee

Meningococeus in spinal fluid... ee

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS xix

moore PAGE

102, 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109, 110. 11. 112. 113. 114. M5. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121, 122. 123, 124, 125. 126.

Goncnooeus colony < 2 5 gia sf Saas Ea ae eS Bacillus coli communis. ‘ :

Bacillus coli communis on various media. . . . . 1... . . 396 Bacillus coli communior on various media... 1. 1 1 +. +. 397 Bacillus typhosus . So ee ee 6 400 Bocillus typhosus, showing flagella. 5... ss. ss ss 01 Surface colony of Bacillus typhosus on gelatin. . . . 1... . . 492

Bacillus coli; deep colonies on Hiss plate medium... . . . . . 407 Bacillus typhosus; deep colonies in Hiss plate medium. +. 408 Bacillus typhosus; colony in Hiss plate medium, highly magnified . | | 409 Colon and typhoid colonies in Hiss plate medium. - 410 Scheme of fermentations of the dysentery typhoi-colon-ecl in earbo- hydrate serum-water media... 6... ee eee + 445 Bacillus mucosus capsulatus... 6 6 ee ee ee ee ee 448

Bacilli of rhinoscleroma . . . 1 ee ee eee ee ee . 82 Bacillus tetani. . . . ee ewe we ee ee . 457

Young tetanus culture in glucose ct ees &:) Older tetanus culture in glucose agar... . 1 ee ee ee. 459 Bacillus of symptomatic anthrax . . . 2 hm ESB 34Ob Bacillus of symptomatic anthrax, culture in lacose agar Soa an me Se Bacillus of malignant edema... eee ee 439 Bacillus of malignant edema, culture in slucose ager... . . . . 470 Tubercle bacilli in sputum. . re) Culture of Bacillus tuberculosis in flask of aye cerin bouillon soe ee 6 486 Bacillus diphtherie . . . ra) Colonies of Bacillus diphtherice o on siyern agar ee ee ee ee 2 BB Bacillus Hoffmanni. . . ee cry. Y Colonies of Bacillus Hoffmanni on aii Se ee BOB

Bacillus xerosis. © ww. ee es BB Glandere bacillus. 1... ee 5 Glanders bacilli in tissue... cee BBL Bacillus influense:; smear from pure culture on blood ager...» 537 Bacillus infuenzw; smear from sputum... ... 1... . . 538 Colonies of influenza bacillus on blood agar =. . 7. 1... . 589 Koch-Weeks bacillus 2 2. 6 ee ee ee ee BD Bordet-Gengou bacillus... 6 2 ee ee ee eee ME Morax-Axenfeld diplo-bacillus . 6. 1 ee ee ee ee 5G Bacillus pestis So 8 8 SE Swe ws ee BS Bacillus pestis, involution forms... 1 1 ee ee es. 556 Bacillus anthracis; pure cultureonagar . 2... 1... . . 564 Bacillus anthracis, in kidney tissue 2... 2... 1 ee. 565 Bacillus anthracis, in spleen tissue 2... 1. 1 1 ee es 56 Anthrax colony on gelatin . 2... 2... 5.44. . SOT Anthrax colony onagar . 6 2. ee ee ee ee BOB Bacillus subtilis. 6... ee ee ee ee 2 8B Cholera spirillum 6 6. ee ee ew 6 BB

x LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

riguRE Pace 127. Cholera spirillum; stab cultures in gelatin, three days old... . . . 586 128. Cholera spirillum; stab culture in gelatin, six days old...

129. Spirochete pallida; smear from chancre 2... eee

130. ete pallida, in spleen of congenits

131. pallida, in liver of congenital *

132, Spirochivte of relapsing fever... ee 133. Spirochivte of relapsing fever. 6. 2 ee 134, Spirochiete of relupsing fever. 6... ee

135. Spirochtte of Dutton, African tick fover .

ase of Vincent's angina. 5... gina.

136. Smear from the throat of a
137. Throat smear, Vincent's a
138. Spirochwte gallinarum
139. Cladothrix, showing false brand chia

). Streptothrix, showing true branching . nule crushed beneath a cover- granule crushed beneath a cover-ghass

3. Branching filaments of actinomyces

. Yeast cells.

. Mucor mucedo

}. Mucor mucedo

Mucormucedo . 6 ee et ee he ee wee Mucor ramosus: .

. Penicillium glauecum .

50. Aspergillus ghauens

» Thrash

Achorion Schoen) | Method of drying spina fi cori uf rabbit for pues

ndameba histolytica. ee ee ndaun nd:

• Teichononas intestinalis Bon ans

167. Taunblia intestinalis, Cyst formation |.
168. Trypanosoma rotatorium in blood of frog.
169. Trypanosoma Lewsi oe ’ a
170. Most important trypanosomes parasitic in vertebrates :
171. Dourine. Showing swelling of snd pluques on the skins ss . Try viumn in blood of common wild birds. 73, Try vium in culture on blood agar.

nosd

nosom

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS xxi riuuRE PAGE 174, Trypanosoma gambiense . 6 6 2. ee ee ee TED 175. Tsetse fly (Glossina palpalis) . 6... ee eee TER 176. Sciizotrypanum cruzi in human blood . «755 177. Schizotrypanum cruzi developing in tissues of guinea-pig 1. . 756 178, Leishmania Donovani SES be foe € Zoe me ote 179, Leishmania infantum 2... . ee 789 180. Heemoproteus columbe . . co ee eee THR 181. Proteosoma precox in blood of field lark | |. . 763 182, Midgut of culex mosquito, covered with odcysts of Proteosoma prascox | 751 183. Plasmodium vivax ee ee eee TBS 184. Plasmodium vivax . . s % we ee . 766 185. Plasmodium vivax, an atypical macrogametocyte . we. 767 186, Plasmodium vivax... . ¢ 3 hie & ++. 167 187. Plasmodium vivax | 1.11. lle oe 768 188, Plasmodium vivax. 6... ee ee . 769 189. Plasmodium malaria. . . . . 770 190, Plasmodium malaria. . . 770 191. Plasmodium malaria. . 2... .7 192, Plasmodium falciparum. . 2... .77 193. Plasmodium falciparum . fo TTR 194. Plasmodium falciparum, male crescent » cea 2 TB 195. Comparison of culex and anopheles . . 779 196. Babesia bigeminum . . 787 197. Texas fever tick (Margaropus annulatus) . . 789

Balantidium coli in a follicle of the colon, breaking through the mucosa. 793