Herbs and Trees of Various Kinds

. . . —. Corylus Avellana Linn. Hearn. . =... Erica vulgaris Linn. Hemmock =. =. ~~ Conium maculatum Linn, Horm... Quereus Cerris Zinn. . Hyssop... —.-“Hyssopus officinalis Zinn, Ivy . F . . . Hedera Helix Linn. . Jussr . . —. Juniperus communis Linn. Broom . . —. Genista Scoparium or Spartium Sco- parium Linn. Broom-Rare + Orobanche major Linn, Lapanum =... Cistus ladanifera Linn, Lercs . Allium Porram Zinn... Lenmis . 9... Ervum Lens Linn, an Lies Auors . . —. Aquilaria Agallochum Roxburgh . Luis. . . . Lilium candidum Linn, Lux or Sovomox —-.- Narcissus Calathinus Linn. } Locust... Ceratonia Siliqua Linn, Marzows . ~—. ~—«.- Corchorus olitorius Lamarck Manpraxe . =. —. Atropa Mandragora Linn, ‘Manwa,on Camun’s Tuor Alhagi Maurorum DeCand. } Hedysarum Alhagi Linn. Masnick. . —. ~~. Pistacia Lentiscus Linn. Mrrox . «Cucumis Melo Linn. Mucer . . . «Panicum Miliaceum Zinn. Misr... Mentha viridis Zinn. ; Mvrnerry =. =. ~~, Morus nigra and M, alba Linn. Musrarn =. ~~. Sinapis nigra Linn. xiii Page . 179 . 184 . 192 . 196 . 199 + 203 » 206 + 211 217 224 + 228 231 . 243 . 249 » 254 . 258 « 265 - + 269 + 273 . 276 . 278 281 - 287 xiv INDEX TO PLANTS. Myrru Myrriz . Nicex1a, on Buack-szep Nors Warxurs . Ox . . . . Oteastsr,on Wiz Orrve Ouve Oxtox Oxyoua Pauw Pannac Parer Reep Pinr PLANE PoMEGRANATE . Poprar Qurxce Reep Ross Rue Rusu “ Rye . Sarrron . Scarier . Surrrmm Woop Soar Srrkenarp Balsamodendron Myrrha ‘Myrtus communis Linn, Urtica Dioica Linn, Nigella Orientalis Linn, Pistacia vera Linn, Tuglans regia Linn, } Quereus Robur Linn. . Eleagnus spinosa Linn. Olea Europea Linn, . Allium Cepa Linn, Styrax Benzoin Dryander Phoenix Daetylifera Linn. Panax Quinquefolium Zinn, Cyperus Papyrus Zinn, Pinus sylvestris Linn, Platanus Orientalis Zinn. Punica Granatum Linn, Populus alba Zinn, . Pyrus Cydonia Linn, Arundo Donax Zinn. Rosa centifolia rubra Linn. . Ruta graveolens Linn. Juncus effusus Linn, Secale cereale Linn. Crocus sativus Zinn, Quereus coceifera Linn. Acacia vera Willdenow Mimosa Nilotiea Linn. } Salsola Kali Zinn. ae Nardostachys Jatamansi DeCand. Page . 291 . 302 + 306 - 309 313 . 828 331 B44 . 847 . 851 . 370 » 875 . 883 . 888 . 893 « 402 « 406 + 410 - 419 . 424 . 426 . 29 Sracrs . Srrrax, on Srorax Sxcanons Tanns, on Danner ‘Tustin. : Tuonss, varieties: INDEX TO PLANTS. xv Curist’s THorN Bucxrnorn . Box Tuorn . Map Arete . Sweet-Briar Rest-Harrow Burcuer’s Broom Stoz Trot. Trex, on Lixpey Tourrentine TREE Vine Wneat, Sumer anp Winter Wutows Woruwoop . } Ps iBalemeerden dren Kxtel Ploy Ness oon all Esenbeck . . * . . « 462 Styrax officinalis Linn. : 5 » 465 Ficus Sycomorus Zinn, . . —. 467 Ervum tetraspermum Linn, } ; . 472 Lolium temulentum Zinn, Carduus Arabicus Linn, . . —. 479 Paliurus aculeatus Lam. Rhamnus Spina Christi Linn. Lycium horridum Linn. Solanum spinosum Linn, i Eglantine Rosa rubiginosa Linn. Ononis spinosa Linn. Ruscus aculeatus Linn. Prunus sylvestris Tilia Europea Linn... 0. 494 Pistacia Terebinthus Zinn. . =. —, 500 Vitis Vinifera Zinn. . m e » 507 ‘Triticum Zstivum and Hibernum Linn. 520 Salices (various) Linn, =... 582. Artemisia Judaica Linn, . . — . 542 LIST OF THE WOOD-CUTS, WITH THE AUTHORITIES FOR THE FIGURES; WHETHER FROM OLD OR RECENT AUTHORS, OR FROM NATURE. Atom, on Aunva . Tlaja articulata : copied from the Flora Atlantica of Desfontaines. Atwonpy . .. Amygdalus communis: from Nature. Ators . . «Aloe socotrina : from an old wood-cut under which is the name Great Sea Houseleek ; and the description calls it the plant from which the purgative medicinal aloes is produced. ‘The figure is repeated with little difference in several Herbals of the 16th and 17th centuries. Axe... Pimpinella Anisum:: from Nature. Avrizs . . —. Pyrus Malus; from Nature. Asn . 7 . . Fraxinus excelsior : from Nature. AspaLatuus . . Aspalathus Creticus, Anthyllis Hermannie: from Nature. ‘The plant sent me by Mr. Loddiges. Bam, or Barsam . Balsamodendron Gileadense: copied from Bruce's Travels. Barter . . —. Hordeum vulgare: from Nature. Bay. . —. Laurus nobilis: from Nature. Rosn Bay . . Neriwm Oleander: copied from the Botanical Magazine. Beans. % . Vicia Faba : from Nature. Box Trex Buxus sempervirens: from Nature. Braue. . —.- Rubus fruticosus: copied from English Botany. Bear . . . Rosa canina: from Nature. Burmust. . Typha latifolia : from Nature. LIST OF THE WOOD-CUTS. xvii Cazamus, on Swexr Andropogon Calamus aromaticus : copied from Cane Dr, Royle’s Illustrations of the Botany of the Himalaya Mountains, p, 425. Camenon . . Laurus Camphora: copied from the Botanical Magazine. rightly Cornu, Lawsonia inermis; the Henna or Alkenna of the Corser, o* East : copied from part of Sonnini's plate, after Currus comparing it with Raawolt’s figure. Carer . . —. Capparis spinosa: copied from the Botanical Magazine. Cassia =.=. Laurus Cassia: copied from the Botanical Maga- on zine. Cassta Fistura . Cassia Fistula: from Magazine of Medical Botany. Capa... Pinus Cedrus: drawn from a branch of the cedars of Lebanon in the gardens of Holland House. Cursxur. =. ~~. Fagus Castanea: from Nature, Crwxawon . Laurus Cinnamomum: copied from the Botanical Magazine. Crrrox . «Citrus Medica: drawn from a branch grown at ‘Mr, Wells's, at Redleaf, Kent. Cocxrz . . —.-Agrostemma Coronaria : from Nature, Conraxper =. —. Coriandrum sativum: from Knorr's Flowers. Corrox . . —. Gossypium herbaceum : from a dried specimen of Maltese cotton, compared with Dr. Royle's figure. My leaves are a little more obtuse than those of the print in Royle. Cvcumpen . —. Cucumis sativus : from Nature. Ceanax . . —. Cuminum Cyminum: from a plant raised in the garden of Launce Chambers, Esq. compared with the figure in Cavanilles. Cyernss. . —. Cupressus sempervirens : part of the plate in Pal- las’s Flora Rossica. Dove's Doxa Ornithogalum umbellatum ; also, in English, Bird’s (1, Flower; 2, Root) “Milk and Star of Bethlehem: from Nature. Enosy . . —. Diospyros Ebenus: from a modern wood-cut. Eu... -Utmus campestris: fom Nature. LIST OF THE WOOD-CUTS. Wie. -. . «Ficus Carica: from Nature. Feo... Pinus Abies: from Nature. APrrcnes . . —-«-‘Vicia Sativa: from English Botany. FuacsorSeaWnack Zostera Marina: from English Botany, Sowerby. Fux . . «Linum Usitatissimum ; from Sowerby in English Botany, compared with nature, the seed-vessel added. Frankincense. . Boswellia Thurifera : from a modern wood-cut. Gaumaxum —.—.- Bubon Galbanum : Botanigal Magazine. Garuc . . Allium Ascalonicum: from the Botanical Maga- zine. Gourn . . «Cucumis Prophetarum: from a modern wood-cut. Gourp or Joxan, on Ricinus communis; Palma Christi, or Castor-Oil Bax Nut: from the Botanical Magazine. Grass... Festuca fluitans and Glyceria fluituns : from an engraved collection of grasses. Hasen . . —. Corylus Avellana: from Nature. Hearn... Erica vulgaris : from Nature. Temtock =. ~—.- Conium maculatum:: from Nature. Horn... Quercus Cerris : from Nature. Hyssop... .._Hyssopus officinalis : from Nature. Jo lac } . Hedera Helic: both from Nature. Ivr Berries Toxtren,onBroow { 7itiperus communis : from Pallas's Flora Rossiea, Spartium Scoparium : Botanical Magazine. Ilustration, Broom-Rars Orobancke major : from English Botany. Lavanum —.—. Cistus ladanifera: from the Botanical Magazine. Lex . . «Allium Porrum: from Nature. Lentus . . «Cicer Lens: from Nature. Tacw Axors, or Lic- Aguilaria Agallochum : from an inedited drawing num Avozs sent from India by Dr. Roxburgh to Robert Brown, Esq. who kindly lent it me to copy. LIST OF THE WOOD-CUTS. xix Lugs . . Lazy or Soromo1 Locust Maxtows MAnpRAKE . Manna Masticx . Meton Mier Mint Moxperrres Musrarp Myren Myrtiz . Nerne Nierta . Nurs (Warxvrs) Oax . . E: Oxeaster, on WiD Onive. OntvE Onton Onyona . Pata (4 cuts) . Lilium candidum : from Nature. Narcissus Calathinus : from Nature. Ceratonia Siliqua : from Knorr's Flowers. Corchorus olitorius: from Lamarck’s Encyclop. Method. Atropa Mandragora: from the cuts in Gerard’s Herbal, and in Camerarius’s edition of Mat- thiolus. Alhagi Maurorum, or Hedysarum Alhagi : from Rauwolf’s Travels. Pistacia Lentiscus : from the Botanical Magazine. Cucumis Melo : from Nature, Panicum Miliaceum: from Loudon’s Encyelo- pedia. Mentha viridis : from Nature. Morus nigra: from Nature. ‘Sinapis nigra: from the Magazine of Medical Botany. Balsamodendron Myrrha: from the lithograph of Nees von Esenbeck. Myrtus communis : from Nature. Urtica Dioica + from Nature. Nigella Orientalis : from the Botanical Magazine. Juglans regia : from Nature. Quercus Robur (Peduneutata) : from Nature. Elaagnus spinosa: from Pallas's Flora Rossica. Olea Europea: from a wood-cut. Allium Cepa:: from Nature. ‘Styrax Benzoin : from the lithograph of Nees von Esenbeck. Pheeniz Dactylifera. The cultivated Palm, and the cuts of the flower and bunch of fruit, are LIST OF THE WOOD-CUTS. Fic . copied from Kempfer's Amanitates Exotice. Fr The cut of the wild Date tree represents such as [have seen when neglected, or at most only tapped in the trunk to procure the sweet juice whence the jagree is made. The leaves left to perish on the stem, looking like the beard of some octogenary hermit, no care taken to secure the forming and ripening of the fruit, and the desert Palm appears the wildest of trees. Kzmpfer gives us a curious plate of the gather- ing of the date. In the foreground the ex- pressing the juice of the fresh fruit for making date wine is represented. The cylindrical wicker or cane baskets are filled to the top with fruit, upon which heavy stones are piled till the juice runs out by a spigot below, whence it flows into the jars where the vinous fermentation takes place. The next group is formed of those who gather the choicer fruit, throwing it into mats held up by persons below, and pack it in flag baskets for the merchants, who are seen advancing in the distance with their beasts of burden, ready for the conveyance of the new fruit to the nearest market, whether that be a caravan station, or a city, or sea-port. Be- tween the trees, and mixed with the cultivators, the masters appear to enjoy the harvest. In one place an aged man is seated on his prayer carpet, and reading his Koran. Beyond him is a group of younger men smoking and drinking coffee, listening apparently to a teller of tales; and further on another set, amusing themselves with the sight of public dancers and musicians. This plate is well adapted to show the import- ance of the date harvest to Egypt and Arabia, being to a great proportion of the natives both corn and wine. LIST OF THE WOOD-CUTS. xxi Pannac Paver REED, AND In.ustration Pine + Prane PoMRGRANATE . Porrar Quixce Reep Ross Rue Rusu Rre Sarrron . Scarrer . Surrrim Woop Soar Srncenarp (with an- other out of the part formerly sold in the shops) Sractz Panae Quinquefolium : from the Botauical Ma- gazine. Cyperus Papyrus: from Bruce's Travels. The illustration is from a drawing of my kind friend Mr. Clift of the College of Surgeons. Pinus sylvestris: from Nature. Platanus Orientalis : from Nature. Punica Granatum. The leaves and flowers from branches sent from Windsor Castle, and the fruit from Portugal, put together from Nature. Populus alba: from Nature. Cydonia Vulgaris: from Nature, the fruit just set. Arundo Donaz. My friend Mr. E. Cooke drew the reed from the living plant in the Botanic Garden at Leyden; the flower I have from another source. Rosa centifolia rubra: from Nature. Ruta graveolens : from Nature, Tuncus effusus : from Nature. Secale cereale : from Nature. Crocus sativus. Botanical Magazine. Quercus coccifera: from Russell's Aleppo. Acacia vera, The branch and leaves kindly sent me by Mr. Loddiges, the flowers and fruit from authentic sources. Salsola Kali: from English Botany, compared with Rauwolf’s cut of the Kali of Arabia. Nardostachys Jatamansi. This cut is part of the beautiful plate in Dr. Royle’s Illustrations of the Botany, &c., of the Himalaya Mountains. The drawing from Gerard agrees with that in Ca- merarius’s edition of Matthiolus’s Epitome. Balsamodendron Kataf : from Nees von Esenbeck. ’ Sryrax, on Srorax Styrax officinalis a xxii LIST OF THE WOOD-CUTS. Sycamore (ee . or perhaps Darxex, Tusre L IL, Ii. Tuorns 4 IV. ve vi. Trt Tren Tureentixe or Tr- REBINTH TREE Vins, Grape, &e. Warar Witow (2 cuts) Woxswoop : from Nature. The sprig was gathered from the plant set by Miller himself in the Physic Garden at Chelsea. Ficus Sycomorus : from Rauwolf’s Travels. Ervum tetraspermum : from English Botany. Lolium temulentum : from Loudon's Encyclopedia of Botany. Carduus Arabicus: from the Botanical Maga- zine. . Paliurus aculeatus : from Pallas's Flora Rossica. Seed-vessel of the same. | Lycium horridum : from the Flora Rossica. Ononis spinosa, or Rest-Harrow : from Nature. Ruscus aculeatus, or Butcher’s Broom: from Nature. Prunus sylvestris, or Sloe: from Nature. Tilia Europea : from Nature. Pistacia Terebinthus : from a living branch sent me by Mr, Loddiges. The flower and fruit from Rauwolf’s Travels. Vitis Vinifera. The young grape just set : from Nature, Triticum ZEstivum, &e. The English car from Nature, the Egyptian or Minnith wheat froma cut. Salic : both cuts from Nature. Artemisia Judaica : from Knorr’s Flowers. A SCRIPTURE HERBAL.