Part XI Efuman Science Threnclogy, Physiognomy and Palmistry (Part 2)

AND BLOOD SUPPLY OF BRAIN convniont 016 BYE 2 STANEY CHART 1. SECTIONAL VIEW OF THE BRAIN, PACE AND TITROAT. 3T carotid artery and jugular vein, bnt also of the manner in which the mus- enlar and fleshy part of the neck receives its nervous supply. VIEW OF THE BASE OF THE CRANIUM. Brain Cavity.—llere in this remarkable illus sented to us one of the most wonderfil views in the anatomy of the skull, or, in faet, of an the cranial cavity on which that curious and mysterions, but sublime ‘ation we have pre- part of the hmnan frame. Jt is a view of the floor of organ, the brain, rests. The marvelous skill and ingennity therein dis- played, of the complex mechanism surveyed, the beautiful and intricate manner in which the neryes of special sense are so elaborately set forth, the complicated profusion and exquisite design manifest in the distribu- tion of blood-vessels for the nou yment and support of the special « of reason and intelli, niee—all claim our closest and undivided attention, and we are unconsciously Jed to revere the Oumiscience of Tin who conld conceive of uch intricate architecture, and perform such delicate, unique and per cet workmanship. The large opening observed in the floor of the cranial cavity is the foramen magnum, through which the spinal cord, together with the cerebro-spinal nerves, eseape. SECTIONAL VIEW OF THE BRAIN, FACE AND THROAT. The Brain in its Bony Citadel—The artist, with trne anatomical in- stinet and a rare technical ability in regard to acenracy and minute detail, has performed his part of the work in this illustration with such faithful fidelity to nature that one eannot withhold a word of praise at the grand style and elaborate manner of its execution, ‘This elegant and artistic anatomical plate represents the brain held fimnly im position within its strong, bony citadel, but cleft in twain from above downward, thus showing its internal mechanism and construction; besides which it gives the internal arrangements of the nose, tongue, throat and neck. Order of Brain Mechanism —Commencing from above and descending downward we observe the following important strnetures, to wit: The fascia or skin coveri ng the cranial bones; and then a section of the bones themselves, showing their laminated strnetures. Between the bones of the skull and the brain are seen the meningeal coats of the brain, which serve the double purpose of supplying it with blood-vessels and protecting that delicate organ from pressure or injur Cerebrum and Cerebellum —\We observe that the cerebrum, the seat of mind and volition, is much larger than the cerebellum or litile brain; 38 THR NUMAN nopy, and as thengh that was not enough area for the evolution of the mind, we sce this part of the brain most curionsly wrinkled and folded into various sized convolutions, thus increasing the mental surface, The more numerous these convelutions are, the higher and more noble the mental facultic nd intellectual powers become. ‘The hemisphere of the brain, here shown, is seen to be divided into three lobes, the frontal, middle and ure of the brain, posterior, ‘The Corpus Callusum, or the great comnis is most fatthfully represented, and immediately below is seen the Mornia, The peculiar appearance of the cerchellum or Hite brain presents a tree- like resemblance, whence it is called the arbor vite, or the tree of life. The Olfactory Nerve.—'The is graphically displayed, branches of which are soon passing i factory nervy wall dircetions over the mucous mem- brane of the nose. A Vitde to the left of the olfactory nerve is scen the posterior nares, and immediately hdow the pharynx and epiglottis, the esophagns or gnllet, the larynx and trachea or The Tongue.—The tongue, or ¢ vind-pipe. gan of taste and instrnment of speech, of which are seen running in different but determinate ways, thus giving to this important sonmecular. tibr is aust accurately represented, larity of motion and aiding it to assume numerons shapes and forms. The cervical portion of the spinal column is seen, with the fleshy part of the back of the neck attached. This plate is one that connnends itself to our deep and eareful study. VIEW OF THE BASE OF THE BRAIN, AND THE THOUGHTS IT SUGGESTS. Shape of Brain.—A\s so graphically delineated in this beautiful as well as natural illustration of the hnman brain, we glean a knowledge of the origin and sonree of its blood supply; the arteries are obse: distribute numerons branches in various red to ircetions along and over its sur ubstance, As notieed, the brain pre- face, inany of which penetrate its sents an ovoid or ege-shaped appearanee, divided into two equal, lateral alyes—hemispheres as they are called—thus virtually giving us two brains, the same as we have two eyes, two arms and two legs, With this surplus of brains, as it were, at our command, we are naturally led to ask the question, who ean define the metes and bounds of the mind? Or de sevihe the limits of our intelectual capacity? Who ean fathom the depths of thonght? Ov cirenmseribe onr mental, educational or scientifieal ac- quirements, when health erowns the human temple with its rnbiennd mantle? Echo answers who! Beauty of the Brain Views.—LKvery view of the human brain we have BONES OF THE HAD, FACE AND NECK. 39 geen in this series of magnificent and unparalleled anatomical plates has inspired our admiration and held ns spell-hound in utter astonishment and amazement at the limitless attributes, the dive » and the ied powers variety of fnnetions this wondrous and mysterious organ is called upon to perform in the hourly transaction and business pursuits of daily human life. And yet, notwithstanding the marvelons propertics of this elaborate organ, it is the least solid and most unsubstantial looking body of the human casket. Consistency of the Brain—It consists of cighty per cent. of water, seven per cent. of albumen, some plosphorized fat and a few other minor Sneh is the composition of the mighty and powerful organ which rules the world. Whilst the brain is the seat of sensation, yet it ean be ent, burned or electrified without causing pain in itself. Strange, passing strange, are the properties and powers of the brain! BONES OF THE HEAD, FACE AND NECK. Bones of the Skull—This illustration gives an accurate and faithful representation of the head, face and neck, surrounded by an outline of the fleshy parts as they appear in the human frame. ‘Che bones of the head, cight in number, constitute the teen in number, compose a strong, hard bony ease, which encloses and skull, and those of the face, four- affords a suitable protection for the brain and the four organs of special sense, viz.: sight, smell, taste aud hearing. AT of these bones are im- movable, except the lower jaw, which moves by means of a hinge-juint, and permits of the opening and closing of the mouth, Bones Seen in the Plate—The hones of the skull observed in this beautiful plate are: the frontal, which forms the forehead or front part of the skull; the the head; the o« arictal, constituting a portion of the side and top of al, forming the lower and back part of the skull, and the temporal, which forms the lower part of the side and a part of the base of the cranimn. Thes several bones are joined together by notched scams, after the manuer carpenters call “dove-tailing.” Shape of the Skull—'The skull, as will he it to the conformation of the brain, besides ig it greater resistance to pressure. The stronger and smaller end is in front, where danger is greatest to the brain, whilst the projections before aud behind shield its less protected parts. The peeuliar conformation and shape of the skwil forms a strong shelter for the brain—an organ so delieato that if not so strongly guarded from injury, an ordinary blow falling upon it would destroy it forever. ‘en, is oval, which adapts 40 THE HUMAN BODY, Bones of the Face.—The hones of the face shown in this plate are the nasal bone, forming the arch f the nose, the malar, whieh gives promi- nence to the check, the upper jaw, containing the upper teeth, and the lower jaw, containing the under teeth, The Spina] Column.—That portion of the spinal eolimn noticed in the eal vertebrae. T illustration consists of the ee ch vertebra is composed of a body, with seven spinous processes projecting from it. The body is perforated by a ring, through whieh is seen running the spinal eord, giv- ing off nerves between cach separate bone. A ring of cartilage is seen inserted between cach separate vertcbra, the object of which is to prevent any jar reaching the brain when we run, jump, walk or stumble. CHART II. THE INTERNAL WONDERS OF THE HUMAN BODY REVEALED. THE HUMAN BODY AND ITS MARVELOUS PERFECTION. Wonderful Structure of the Body.—The human hody is the highest form of animal lite. It is full of heantiful proportions and divinely sym- metrical in shape, form, mould and outline. We look with honest pride and glowing admiration npen the many accomplishments that man has achieved in the world around us. We see his skill displayed in the various arts and seiences, aud we look with awe upon the projects of his intellect and reason, the realization of whieh is but a small question of time! We boast of onr ships, our steamboats and onr steam ears; we are justly proud of our bridges, our viaduets and the progress of our engineering skill; we grow enthusiastic over our telegraphs, our telephones, our electric light: we feel a degree of national pride in the achievements and successes of at . in the whole range of events, the aeqnirements of arts, the accompli chanics. the achievements of architecture, the attainments of engineering, s of electrical sciences, can we find such an- ison, the wizard of Menlo Park: but where, let us hments of me- or the suecesses and promis other strueture as the human body, thet enrious, yet perfect world of wonders! Man the Most Complex Body.—It embndies an epitome of the whole universe!) an is more elaborate, more complex, more God-like, than any other living organism: more wonderful, more beautiful, more mar- velons, than any work of human ingenuity, conception or construction.